Supramolecular Chemistry,9780471987918

Supramolecular Chemistry

by ;
ISBN13: 9780471987918
ISBN10: 0471987913
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2000-10-01
Publisher(s): WILEY
List Price: $99.75

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Summary

WEBSITE: http: //www.ch.kcl.ac.uk/supramol/textbook.htm

Table of Contents

Preface xix
Acknowledgements xxiii
About the Authors xxv
Concepts
1(34)
Definition and Development of Supramolecular Chemistry
2(4)
What is Supramolecular Chemistry?
2(1)
Host-Guest Chemistry
3(1)
Development
4(2)
Classification of Supramolecular Host-Guest Compounds
6(2)
Receptors, Coordination and the Lock and Key Analogy
8(1)
The Chelate and Macrocyclic Effects
9(4)
Preorganisation and Complementarity
13(1)
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Selectivity
14(5)
Nature of Supramolecular Interactions
19(12)
Ion-Ion Interactions
20(1)
Ion-Dipole Interactions
21(1)
Dipole-Dipole Interactions
22(1)
Hydrogen Bonding
22(2)
Cation-π Interactions
24(2)
π-π Stacking
26(2)
van der Waals Forces
28(1)
Close Packing in the Solid State
28(1)
Hydrophobic Effects
29(2)
Supramolecular Host Design
31(4)
Study Problems
32(1)
References
33(2)
The Supramolecular Chemistry of Life
35(52)
Alkali Metal Cations in Biochemistry
37(11)
Membrane Potentials
37(2)
Membrane Transport
39(8)
Rhodopsin: A Supramolecular Photonic Device
47(1)
Porphyrins and Tetrapyrrole Macrocycles
48(2)
Supramolecular Features of Plant Photosynthesis
50(8)
The Role of Magnesium Tetrapyrrole Complexes
50(5)
Manganese-Catalysed Oxidation of Water to Oxygen
55(3)
Uptake and Transport of Oxygen by Haemoglobin
58(7)
Coenzyme B12
65(3)
Neurotransmitters and Hormones
68(1)
DNA
69(13)
DNA Structure and Function
69(6)
Site-Directed Mutagenesis
75(2)
The Polymerase Chain Reaction
77(1)
Binding to DNA
78(4)
Biochemical Self-Assembly
82(2)
Viagra®: Beyond the Hype
84(3)
Study Problems
85(1)
References
86(1)
Cation-Binding Hosts
87(110)
The Crown Ethers
88(3)
Discovery and Scope
88(2)
Synthesis
90(1)
Lariat Ethers and Podands
91(7)
Podands
91(4)
Lariat Ethers
95(2)
Bibracchial Lariat Ethers
97(1)
Cryptands
98(3)
The Spherands
101(4)
Nomenclature
105(2)
Solution Behaviour
107(6)
Solubility Properties
107(2)
Solution Applications
109(4)
Selectivity of Cation Complexation
113(10)
General Considerations
113(1)
Crown Ethers
114(5)
Lariat Ethers
119(2)
Cryptands
121(2)
The Macrocyclic, Macrobicyclic and Template Effects
123(10)
The Macrocyclic Effect
123(2)
The Template Effect
125(4)
High-Dilution Synthesis
129(2)
[2 + 2] Cyclocondensation
131(2)
Preorganisation and Complementarity
133(8)
Thermodynamic Effects
133(7)
Kinetic and Dynamic Effects
140(1)
Soft Ligands for Soft Metal Ions
141(11)
Heterocrowns
143(3)
Heterocryptands
146(1)
Mixed Cryptates
147(2)
Schiff's Bases
149(3)
Complexation of Organic Cations
152(15)
Binding of Ammonium Cations by Corands
153(3)
Binding of Ammonium Cations by Three-Dimensional Hosts
156(1)
Ditopic Receptors
156(5)
Chiral Recognition
161(3)
Amphiphilic Receptors
164(1)
Case Study: Herbicide Receptors
165(2)
Alkalides and Electrides
167(2)
The Calixarenes
169(14)
Cation Complexation by Calixarenes
172(5)
Phase Transport Equlibira
177(2)
Cation Complexation by Hybrid Calixarenes
179(4)
Carbon Donor and π-acid Ligands
183(4)
Mixed C-Heteroatom Hosts
183(2)
Hydrocarbon Hosts
185(2)
The Siderophores
187(10)
Naturally Occurring Siderophores
187(2)
Synthetic Systems
189(2)
Study Problems
191(1)
Thought Experiment
192(1)
References
193(4)
Binding of Anions
197(54)
Introduction
198(2)
Biological Anion Receptors
200(4)
Phosphate and Sulphate Binding Proteins
201(1)
Arginine as an Anion Binding Site
202(1)
Carboxypeptidase A
203(1)
Concepts in Anion Host Design
204(2)
From Cation Hosts to Anion Hosts-a Simple Change in pH
206(14)
Tetrahedral Receptors
206(3)
Shape Selectivity
209(2)
Two-Dimensional Hosts
211(8)
Cyclophane Hosts
219(1)
Guanidinium-Based Receptors
220(5)
Organometallic Receptors
225(6)
Neutral Receptors
231(5)
Zwitterions
233(1)
Hydrogen Bonding Hosts
234(2)
Hydride Sponge and Other Lewis Acid Chelates
236(4)
Anticrowns
240(4)
Coordination Interactions
244(7)
Study Problems
248(1)
Thought Experiments
249(1)
References
249(2)
Binding of Neutral Molecules
251(138)
Inorganic Solid-State Clathrate Compounds
252(20)
Clathrate Hydrates
252(6)
Zeolites
258(8)
Layered Solids and Intercalates
266(5)
Hoffman Inclusion Compounds and Werner Clathrates
271(1)
Solid-State Clathrates of Organic Hosts
272(32)
Urea Clathrates
272(6)
Other Channel Clathrates: Trimesic Acid, Helical Tubulands and Perhydrotriphenylene
278(8)
Hydroquinone, Phenol and Dianin's Compound: The Hexahost Strategy
286(4)
Tri-o-thymotide
290(5)
Cyclotriveratrylene
295(5)
Tetraphenylene
300(4)
Intracavity Complexes of Neutral Molecules: Solution and Solid-State Binding
304(70)
Intrinsic Curvature: Guest Binding by Cavitands
304(17)
Cyclodextrins
321(13)
Molecular Clefts and Tweezers
334(3)
Cyclophane Hosts
337(17)
Constructing a Solution Host from Clathrate-Forming Building Blocks: The Cryptophanes
354(9)
Covalent Cavities: Carcerands and Hemicarcerands
363(11)
Supramolecular Chemistry of the Fullerenes
374(15)
Fullerenes as Guests
375(2)
Fullerenes as Hosts
377(3)
Fullerenes as Superconducting Intercalation Compounds
380(3)
Study Problems
383(1)
Thought Experiment
383(1)
References
384(5)
Crystal Engineering
389(74)
Concepts
390(23)
Introduction
390(2)
Intermolecular Interactions
392(1)
The Special Role of Hydrogen Bonding
392(5)
Graph Set Analysis
397(4)
Crystal Growth
401(8)
Crystal Deconstruction
409(1)
Crystal Engineering Design Strategies
409(4)
Crystal Structure Prediction
413(6)
Computational Methods
413(1)
Etter's Rules
414(5)
The Cambridge Crystallographic Structural Database
419(4)
Crystal Engineering of Diamondoid Lattices
423(5)
Crystal Engineering with Hydrogen Bonds
428(7)
Carboxylic Acid Dimers
429(1)
Amides
429(2)
Alcohols
431(1)
Alcohol-Amine Co-crystals
432(1)
Amine-Amine Co-crystals
432(3)
Hydrogen Bonds to Carbon Monoxide
435(1)
Weak Hydrogen Bonds
436(4)
Hydrogen Bonds to Metals and Metal Hydrides
440(3)
Direct Interactions to the Metal
440(1)
Interactions of Metal Hydrides
441(2)
π-π Stacking
443(1)
Other Interactions
444(2)
Awkward Shapes and Mismatch
446(3)
Wheel and Axle Hosts
446(1)
Mismatched Partners
447(2)
Coordination Polymers
449(4)
Biomimetic Structures
453(5)
Mixed Crystals: Hourglass Inclusions
458(5)
Study Problems
461(2)
Thought Experiment
463(1)
References
463(1)
Templates and Self-Assembly
463(110)
Introduction
464(3)
Scope and Goals
464(1)
Terminology
465(2)
Biochemical Self-Assembly
467(5)
The Tobacco Mosaic Virus
467(1)
Strict Self-Assembly
468(2)
Self-Assembly with Covalent Modification
470(2)
Self-Assembly in Synthetic Systems: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Considerations
472(7)
Template Effects in Synthesis
472(3)
A Thermodynamic Model: Self-Assembly of Zinc Porphyrin Complexes
475(4)
Self-Assembling Coordination Compounds
479(19)
Design Principles
479(1)
The Supramolecular Cube
480(3)
Molecular Squares and Boxes
483(9)
Self-Assembly of Metal Arrays
492(6)
Self-Assembly of Closed Complexes by Hydrogen Bonding
498(13)
Tennis Balls and Softballs
498(5)
Giant Self-Assembling Capsules
503(6)
Rosettes
509(2)
Catenanes and Rotaxanes
511(30)
Overview
511(3)
Statistical Approaches to Catenanes and Rotaxanes
514(3)
Pseudorotaxanes
517(1)
Rotaxanes
518(2)
Catenanes from π-π Stacking Interactions
520(10)
Auxiliary Linkage Approaches to Catenane Synthesis
530(11)
Helicates
541(18)
Introduction
541(3)
Synthetic Considerations
544(2)
[4 + 4] Helicates
546(2)
[6 + 6] Helicates
548(2)
Self-Recognition and Positive Cooperativity
550(4)
Nanocycles
554(2)
Hydrogen-Bonded Helices
556(3)
Molecular Knots
559(6)
Catalytic and Self-Replicating Systems
565(8)
Study Problems
570(1)
Thought Experiment
571(1)
References
571(2)
Molecular Devices
573(68)
Introduction
574(1)
Philosophy of Molecular Devices
574(1)
When is a Device Supramolecular?
575(1)
Supramolecular Photochemistry
575(17)
Photochemical Fundamentals
577(3)
Bimetallic Systems and Mixed Valence
580(1)
Bipyridine and Friends
581(2)
Bipyridyl-Based Photo- and Electrochemical Devices
583(1)
Light-Conversion Devices
583(7)
Noncovalently Bonded Systems
590(2)
Information and Signals: Semiochemistry
592(12)
Photochemical Sensors
593(4)
Fluorophores
597(3)
Electrochemical Sensors
600(4)
Molecular Electronic Devices: Switches, Wires and Rectifiers
604(12)
Molecular Wires
605(4)
Molecular Rectifiers
609(2)
The 1,2-Dithienylethene System as a Switch
611(2)
Electroswitchable Luminescence
613(1)
Switchable Binding
614(1)
Allosteric Switches
615(1)
Machines Based on Catenanes and Rotaxanes
616(7)
Nonlinear Optical Materials
623(7)
Origins of Nonlinear Optical Effects
623(3)
Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials
626(3)
Third Harmonic Generation Nonlinear Optical Materials
629(1)
Dendrimes
630(11)
Preparation and Properties of Dendrimers
632(2)
Dendrimer Host-Guest Chemistry
634(2)
Dendritic Photochemical Devices
636(2)
Study Problems
638(2)
References
640(1)
Biological Mimics
641(44)
Introduction
642(3)
Supramolecular Biochemistry
642(1)
Characteristics of Biological Models
643(2)
Characteristics of Enzymes
645(4)
Definition and Structure
645(1)
Mechanism of Enzymatic Catalysis
646(3)
Cyclodextrins as Enzyme Mimics
649(7)
Enzyme Modelling Using an Artificial Host Framework
650(2)
Cyclodextrins as Esterase Mimics
652(1)
Functionalised Cyclodextrins
653(3)
Corands as ATPase Mimics
656(4)
Cation-Binding Hosts as Transacylase Mimics
660(4)
Chiral Corands
660(2)
A Structure and Function Mimic
662(2)
Metallobiosites
664(5)
Haemocyanin Models
666(2)
Zinc-Containing Enzymes
668(1)
Haem Analogues
669(12)
Models of Oxygen Uptake and Transport
669(7)
Cytochrome P-450 Models
676(5)
Vitamin B12 Models
681(4)
Study Problems
683(1)
Thought Experiment
683(1)
References
683(2)
Liquid Interfaces, Liquid Crystals and Liquid Clathrates
685(29)
Order in Liquids
686(1)
Surfactants and Interfacial Ordering
687(4)
Liquid Crystals
691(16)
Nature and Structure
691(10)
Design of Liquid Crystalline Materials
701(2)
Liquid Crystalline Polymers
703(2)
Liquid Crystal Displays
705(2)
Liquid Clathrates
707(7)
Properties and Discovery
707(4)
The Oxonium Ion in Liquid Clathrate Chemistry
711(3)
Study Problems 714(1)
References 714(1)
Index 715

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