Structured Equity Derivatives The Definitive Guide to Exotic Options and Structured Notes

by
Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2001-08-22
Publisher(s): WILEY
List Price: $206.07

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Summary

Although the pricing and hedging of derivatives contracts has been the subject of a large number of books, hardly any books exist on the actual design of derivatives contracts. Structured Equity Derivatives fills this gap in a remarkable way. The book introduces an approach to the structuring and practical application of derivatives that allows the reader to create his own derivatives solutions to an endless variety of problems. The approach is extremely natural - the only limit is the reader's own creativity. Since it clearly explains the reasons why derivatives exist and why there is such a large variety, this is the book that should be read before picking up any other book on the pricing and hedging of derivatives. As the book concentrates on product design instead of pricing, there are no complex pricing formulas or numerical procedures. The emphasis is on intuition and common sense rather than complex formal results, which makes the book accessible to people from many different backgrounds.

Author Biography

<B>HARRY M. KAT</B> has over 12 years of experience in global capital markets, lastly as Head of Equity Derivatives Europe at Bank of America in London. Prior to that he was Head of Derivatives Structuring and Marketing at First Chicago in Tokyo and Head of Derivatives Research at MeesPierson in Amsterdam. He holds MBA and PhD degrees in economics and econometrics from the University of Amsterdam and is a member of the editorial board of <I>The Journal of Derivatives</I> and <I>The Journal of Alternative Investments. </I> Dr Kat has published extensively in the field of derivatives in well-known journals such as <I>The Journal of Financial Engineering, The Journal of Derivatives, Applied Mathematical Finance </I>and <I>Risk</I>. He is currently Associate Professor of Finance at the ISMA Centre at the University of Reading (UK), where he lectures on financial engineering and structured derivatives, and acts as a consultant to a select number of asset managers and hedge funds.

Table of Contents

Preface xv
The General Framework
1(10)
Introduction
1(1)
Cash Flows
1(1)
Reference Indices
2(1)
Vanilla Index-Linked Cash Flows
2(3)
Monetization
3(1)
Currency Translation
3(1)
Scaling
4(1)
Structured Index-Linked Cash Flows
5(1)
Zeros and Forwards
5(1)
Contract Extensions
6(1)
Tax, Accounting and Regulation
7(1)
Conclusion
8(3)
Stocks and Stock Market Indices
11(18)
Introduction
11(1)
Common Stocks
11(2)
Corporate Actions
13(3)
Dividends
13(1)
New Issues
14(2)
Stock Splits
16(1)
Index Calculation
16(3)
Some Well-Known Stock Market Indices
19(1)
The Behavior of Equity Indices
19(8)
Visual Inspection
20(3)
The GARCH (1,1) Model
23(1)
Parameter Estimation
24(1)
Did Return Behavior Change During the Nineties?
24(1)
Forecasting Volatility with the GARCH (1,1) Model
25(2)
Conclusion
27(2)
Special Contract Features
29(12)
Introduction
29(1)
Knock-In and Knock-Out Features
29(1)
Barriers
30(4)
The Barrier Variable
31(1)
The Monitoring Points
31(1)
The Barrier Level
32(1)
The Nature of the Barrier
32(1)
Lazy Barriers and Tranching
33(1)
Index-Linked Multipliers
34(1)
Double Barriers
34(1)
The Right to Cancel a Contract
35(3)
The Option Right
36(1)
The Right to Exchange a Contract for Cash
37(1)
The Right to Exchange One Contract for Another
38(1)
The Right to Change a Contract Parameter
38(1)
Rights and Automatic Features
39(1)
Conclusion
40(1)
Index-Linked Cash Flows
41(26)
Introduction
41(1)
Assumptions & Notation
41(1)
Fixed Cash Flows
41(1)
Digitals
42(2)
Vanilla Index-Linked Cash Flows
44(1)
Baskets and Spreads
45(1)
Ratios and Products
46(1)
Highest and Lowest
47(1)
Vanilla Returns
48(3)
Single Index Returns
49(1)
The Basket Returns
49(1)
The Basket as Reference Index
50(1)
Arithmetic Averages
51(1)
Average Returns
52(2)
Single Index Average Returns
52(1)
Basket Average Returns
53(1)
The Basket as Reference Index
54(1)
Vanilla Extrema
54(1)
Stepwise Extrema
55(3)
Extended Stepwise Extrema
58(1)
Piecewise Linear Cash Flows
59(1)
Cliquets
60(1)
Hamsters
60(3)
Vanilla Forwards and Ordinary Options
63(2)
Conclusion
65(2)
Pricing and Hedging
67(38)
Introduction
67(1)
Pricing and Hedging in General
67(2)
Assumptions & Notation
69(1)
The Expected Hedging Costs
69(3)
Time Value
72(2)
A Shortcut for the Expected Hedging Costs
74(2)
Putting Theory into Practice: Hedging Errors
76(11)
Jumps
77(1)
Discrete Trading
77(3)
Transaction Costs
80(3)
Volatility Misprediction
83(4)
Putting Theory into Practice: Simulation
87(7)
The Model
87(2)
Simulation Results
89(5)
Futures Market Execution
94(2)
Alternative Hedging Strategies
96(5)
Common Sense Hedging
96(2)
Taylor Series Hedging
98(3)
(Semi-)Static Hedging
101(1)
The Expected Hedging Costs Again
101(1)
Conclusion
102(3)
Improving Efficiency
105(26)
Introduction
105(1)
Assumptions & Notation
105(1)
Indexation
105(5)
DIY Indexation
106(1)
Index Participations
107(1)
Pricing Index Participations
108(2)
Leveraged Buying and Short-Selling
110(5)
Leveraged Buying
110(1)
Short-Selling
111(1)
Pricing Vanilla Forwards
112(3)
Switching from Equity to Cash
115(9)
The Basic Case
115(1)
Non-Index Portfolios
116(3)
Multi-Period Contracting
119(5)
Switching from Equity to Bonds
124(1)
Synthetic Indexation and Alpha Extraction
124(3)
Enhancing Index Returns
125(1)
Enhancing Money Market Returns
126(1)
Pure Alpha Extraction
126(1)
Different Problems, Same Solution
127(1)
Expansion of the Investment Universe
127(1)
Management of Concentrated Equity Risk
128(1)
Conclusion
128(3)
Risk Management
131(48)
Introduction
131(1)
Derivatives in Investment Management
131(2)
Assumptions & Notation (Chapters 7 and 8)
132(1)
Protected Leveraged Buying and Short-Selling
133(4)
Protected Leveraged Buying
133(1)
Protected Short-Selling
134(1)
The Option Premium
134(3)
Optimal Asset Allocation
137(18)
The Best of Equity and Cash (Portfolio Insurance)
137(9)
The Best of Equity and Bonds
146(6)
The Best of Equity, Bonds and Cash
152(3)
Yield Enhancement
155(2)
Reducing the Risk of Writing Calls
157(5)
Raising the Strike
157(1)
Writing Less
157(1)
Piecewise Linear Segmentation
158(2)
Knock-In and Knock-Out Features
160(2)
Collars
162(3)
Synthetics
165(1)
Portfolio Insurance
165(1)
Yield Enhancement
166(1)
Separating FX Risk From Equity Risk
166(4)
The FX Lock
167(2)
The FX Lock Option
169(1)
Improving the Timing of Market Entry and Exit
170(8)
Market Entry
171(4)
Market Exit
175(2)
DIY Ladders
177(1)
Conclusion
178(1)
Reducing the Costs of Buying Options
179(34)
Introduction
179(1)
Changing the Contract Parameters
180(1)
Changing the Reference Index
180(3)
A Higher Dividend Yield
180(1)
Basket Options
181(2)
Buying Less
183(1)
Piecewise Linear Segmentation
183(2)
Knock-In and Knock-Out Options
185(7)
Inside Barrier Options
186(2)
Outside Barrier Options
188(2)
Inside versus Outside Barriers
190(2)
Changing Exchange Rate Risk
192(1)
Pay-Later and Money-Back Options
193(7)
Path-Independent Money-Backs and Pay-Laters
194(5)
Path-Dependent Money-Backs and Pay-Laters
199(1)
Instalment Options
200(2)
Callable Options
202(2)
Asian Options
204(1)
Revised Monitoring of the Index
205(6)
Lookback and Ladder Options
205(2)
Barrier Options
207(2)
Asian Options
209(2)
A Final Note on Monitoring
211(1)
Conclusion
212(1)
Equity-Linked Bull Notes
213(32)
Introduction
213(1)
Structuring Retail Products
213(3)
The General Structure of a Note Issue
216(2)
The Structuring Process
218(2)
Assumptions & Notation (Chapters 9--12)
219(1)
Software (Chapters 9 and 10)
220(1)
Unprotected Bull Notes
220(16)
Vanilla Bull Note
220(2)
Vanilla Bull Note with a Reduced Base
222(2)
Capped Bull Note
224(8)
Capped Bull Note with Knock-In/Knock-Out Downside Risk
232(4)
Principal Protected Bull Notes
236(3)
The Market for Principal Protected Bull Notes
239(2)
Some Practical Considerations
241(2)
Dealing with a Marketing Period
241(1)
Avoiding Surprises
242(1)
Conclusion
243(2)
Raising the Participation Rate
245(28)
Introduction
245(1)
Changing the Note Parameters
246(3)
A Higher Base
246(1)
A Longer Time to Maturity
247(2)
Changing the Reference Index
249(4)
A Higher Dividend Yield
249(1)
A Basket of Indices
249(1)
A Foreign Reference Index
250(3)
Buying Less Protection
253(1)
Piecewise Linear Segmentation of the Protection
253(3)
Piecewise Linear Segmentation of the Upside
256(3)
A Floating Cap on the Upside
259(2)
Knock-In and Knock-Out Protection
261(2)
Knock-In and Knock-Out Upside
263(2)
Changing Exchange Rate Risk
265(2)
An Asian Tail
267(2)
Revised Monitoring of the Index
269(1)
Additional Risks
269(1)
One Last Trick
270(1)
Conclusion
270(3)
Market Timing and Non-Bullish Views
273(28)
Introduction
273(1)
Timing Market Exit
273(7)
Principal Protected Lookback and Ladder Bull Notes
274(3)
Principal Protected Asian Bull Note
277(1)
Principal Protected Clique Bull Note
277(3)
Timing Market Entry
280(2)
Notes for Non-Bullish Views
282(14)
Principal Protected Bear Note
283(2)
Principal Protected Mixed and Chooser Notes
285(2)
Principal Protected Neutral Note
287(2)
Principal Protected Range Accrual Note
289(3)
Principal Protected Knock-Out Range Accrual Note
292(4)
Notes Offering Improved Asset Allocation
296(4)
Conclusion
300(1)
Digital and Coupon Bearing Notes
301(18)
Introduction
301(1)
Digitalized Notes
301(12)
Digital Principal Protected Bull Note
301(3)
Digital Principal Protected Cliquet Bull Note
304(2)
Bivariate Digital Principal Protected Cliquet Bull Note
306(3)
Digital Principal Protected Range Accrual Note
309(1)
Digital Principal Protected Knock-Out Range Accrual Note
310(3)
Notes with Intermediate Coupons
313(3)
Fixed Coupons
313(2)
Index-Linked Coupons
315(1)
Conclusion
316(3)
Equity-Linked Saving
319(16)
Introduction
319(1)
Assumptions & Notation
319(1)
Unprotected Equity-Linked Saving
319(4)
Protected Equity-Linked Saving
323(1)
Alternative Hedges
324(1)
The Marketer's Perspective
325(1)
The Investor's Perspective
326(2)
A Real-Life Example
328(1)
Variations in Protected Equity-Linked Saving
329(5)
The Disappointment Bonus
329(2)
The Partial Cap
331(1)
Money-Back Structures
332(1)
Segmented Payoff Functions
332(1)
Variations in Investor Payment
333(1)
Conclusion
334(1)
Appendix A 335(6)
A.1 S&P 500
335(1)
A.2 Dow Jones Industrial Average
336(1)
A.3 Eurotop 100
336(1)
A.4 Eurostoxx 50
336(1)
A.5 FTSE 100
337(1)
A.6 DAX
337(1)
A.7 AEX
337(1)
A.8 SMI
337(1)
A.9 CAC 40
337(1)
A.10 IBEX 35
338(1)
A.11 MIB 30
338(1)
A.12 Nikkei 225
338(1)
A.13 Hang Seng
338(1)
A.14 ASX All Ordinaries
339(2)
Appendix B 341(4)
Appendix C 345(2)
Bibliography 347(20)
Index 367

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