Research Methods in Psychology
by Heiman, GaryEdition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2001-11-26
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary
Research Methods focuses on decisions and conclusions, rather than rules and procedures, to help students develop the critical-thinking skills necessary for understanding and designing research. The text emphasizes the need to evaluate a design's strengths and weaknesses when selecting a method and interpreting results.The Second Edition includes a full chapter on ethics and places the statistics review after the introduction of basic design issues to focus on statistics as a set of tools for analyzing research results. A unique capstone chapter, Designing and Evaluating Research, walks students through four research studies, summarizes content, and suggests additional topics for research.
Table of Contents
| Note: Each chapter begins with Getting Started and concludes with a Chapter Summary, Key Terms, Review Questions, Application Questions, and Discussion Questions | |
| Introduction to Psychological Research | |
| Introduction to the Scientific Method | |
| The Scientific Method | |
| The Goals of Psychological Research Scientific Hypotheses | |
| The Flaws in Scientific Research | |
| An Overview of Creating and Testing Hypotheses | |
| Beginning the Design: Asking the Question | |
| The Research Literature Identifying the Population and Sample | |
| Defining the Terminology in the Hypothesis Testing a Hypothesis by Discovering a Relationship | |
| Interpreting a Relationship Summary of the Flow of a Study Experimental Research | |
| Methods Descriptive Research | |
| Methods Putting It All Together | |
| Evaluating a Study: Is It Reliable and Valid | |
| Identifying Potential Flaws | |
| When Designing a Study Critically Evaluating a Study Understanding Reliability | |
| Understanding Validity | |
| Dealing with Validity and Reliability | |
| When Designing a Study Issues of Validity and Reliability in Descriptive Studies | |
| Issues of Validity and Reliability in Experiments | |
| Selecting a Design Putting It All Together | |
| Creating a Relaibale and Valid Experiment | |
| Selecting the Independent Variable | |
| Selecting the Conditions of the Independent Variable | |
| Selecting the Dependent Variable | |
| Designing the Dependent Variable | |
| Controlling Extraneous Variables | |
| Putting It All Together | |
| Risk, Deception, and the Ethics of Research | |
| Demand Characteristics Research | |
| Ethics Research | |
| Involving Animals Scientific Fraud | |
| Putting It All Together | |
| Controlling Participant Variables | |
| Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects | |
| Designs Participant Variables and Individual Differences | |
| How Participant Variables Influence External Validity | |
| How Participant Variables Influence a Relationship | |
| Controlling Participant Variables in a Between-Subjects | |
| Design Controlling Participant Variables in a Within-Subjects | |
| Design Controlling Order | |
| Effects in a Repeated Measures | |
| Design Choosing a Design Putting | |
| It All Together | |
| The Statistical Analysis of Experiments | |
| Applying Descriptive and Inferential Statistics to Simple Experiments | |
| Selecting the Statistical Procedures | |
| Applying Descriptive Statistics to Experiments | |
| Applying Inferential Statistical Procedures | |
| Interpreting Significant Results | |
| Interpreting Nonsignificant Results | |
| Comparing Type I and Type II Errors | |
| Statistical Power and Research | |
| Design Putting | |
| It All Together | |
| Designing and Analyzing | |
| Multifactor Experiments | |
| The Reason for Multifactor Studies | |
| The Two-Way Between-Subjects | |
| ANOVA Using Counterbalanced Variables to Produce Two-Way Designs | |
| The Two-Way Within-Subjects ANOVA | |
| The Two-Way Mixed ANOVA | |
| The Three-Way Design | |
| The Two-Way Chi Square Describing | |
| Effect Size | |
| A Word about Multivariate Statistics and Meta-Analysis | |
| Putting It All Together | |
| Beyond the Typical Laboratory Experiment | |
| Correlational Research and Questionnaire Construction | |
| The Difference Between True Experiments and Correlational Studies | |
| Analyzing Data with Correlational Statistics | |
| Additional Uses of Correlation | |
| Conducting Research | |
| Using Interviews and Questionnaires | |
| A Word about Advanced Correlational Procedures | |
| Putting It All Together | |
| Field Experiments and Single-Subject | |
| Designs Field Experiments | |
| Small N Research and the Single-Subject Design | |
| Putting It All Together | |
| Quasi-Experiments and Descriptive Designs | |
| Understanding Quasi-Experiments | |
| Quasi-Independent Variables | |
| Involving Participant Variables | |
| Quasi-Independent Variables | |
| Involving Environmental Events | |
| The Time-Series Design | |
| The Quasi-Independent Variable of the Passage of Time | |
| Descriptive Research | |
| A Word about Program Evaluation Putting | |
| It All Together | |
| Putting It All Together | |
| A Review: Examples of Designing and Evaluating Research | |
| Sumary of the Issues | |
| When Designing Research | |
| An Experiment on Attribution of Arousal | |
| An Experiment on Time Perception | |
| A Descriptive Study of Fear of Success in Females | |
| An Experimental and Correlational Study of Creativity | |
| Additional Research Topics | |
| Putting It All Together | |
| Appendix A: Reporting Research Using APA Format | |
| An Example Study | |
| The Research Literature Overview of a Research Article | |
| The Components of an APA-Style Research Article | |
| Putting It All Together | |
| Sample APA-Style Research Report | |
| Statistical Procedures | |
| Measures of Central Tendency | |
| Measures of Variability | |
| The Two-Sample t-Test | |
| The One-Way Analysis of Variance | |
| Tukey HSD Post Hoc Comparisons | |
| Measures of Effect Size in t-Tests and ANOVA | |
| Confidence Intervals | |
| Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Linear Regression, and Standard Error of the Estimate | |
| Spearman Correlation Coefficient | |
| Chi Square Procedures | |
| Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon T Tests | |
| Kruskal-Wallis H and Friedman X2 Tests | |
| Statistical Tables | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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