Probation and Parole : Theory and Practice,9780131188945

Probation and Parole : Theory and Practice

by
Edition: 9th
ISBN13: 9780131188945
ISBN10: 0131188941
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2005-01-21
Publisher(s): Pearson College Div
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Summary

Probation and Parole: Theory and Practice, Ninth Editiontakes a look inside the real world of probation and parole. Featuring a front-linepractitioner'sinsights based on the author's extensive experience as a senior New York State parole officer, this book exposes readers to the complex, "real" world of probation and parole.Comprehensive in approach, this book provides athoroughunderstanding of the field of probation and parole covering these topics: history and administration, sentencing and the pre-sentence investigation, juvenile court, probation, institutions, and aftercare, prisons and community-based corrections, indeterminate and determinate sentences, the theory and practice of rehabilitation, parole supervision and special problems and programs.For future or practicing probation and parole officers.

Table of Contents

Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
About the Author xix
Probation and Parole in Criminal Justice
1(19)
The Reality of Criminal Justice
1(2)
American Criminal Justice
3(2)
What Is a Crime? Who Is a Criminal?
5(2)
Index Crimes
6(1)
Responding to Crime
7(1)
Classical View
8(2)
Neoclassicalism
10(1)
Positive View
11(1)
The American System of Criminal Justice
12(4)
Entering the System
12(1)
Pretrial Court Appearances
13(1)
Pretrial Hearings
13(1)
Trial or Guilty Plea
14(1)
Sentencing
15(1)
Appeals
16(1)
Probation and Parole: Why Bother?
16(4)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
PART 1 Probation
Juvenile Court and Juvenile Justice
20(41)
The History of the Juvenile Court
20(1)
Houses of Refuge and Orphan Asylums
21(1)
The Child Savers
22(1)
The Juvenile Court Emerges
22(3)
Procedures in the Juvenile Court
25(26)
Intake
26(5)
Preliminary Hearing
31(4)
Adjudicatory Hearing
35(1)
Predisposition Report
36(1)
Disposition Hearing
36(15)
Status Offenders
51(2)
Juvenile Court Judges
53(1)
Juveniles in Criminal Court
54(3)
Blended Sentence
57(1)
Legal Decisions
57(4)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Juvenile Probation, Institutions, and Aftercare
61(30)
Juvenile Dispositions and Their Administration
61(1)
Probation Supervision
62(7)
Day Treatment
69(1)
The Group Home
70(1)
Residential Treatment Center
71(4)
Training School
75(3)
The Youth Authority
78(4)
Aftercare and Parole
82(6)
Administration of Juvenile Services
88(1)
In the Criminal Court
89(2)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation and the Courts: History and Administration
91(32)
Court Systems: Federal and State
91(1)
Jurisdiction
91(1)
The State Courts
92(2)
Federal Courts
94(2)
Probation History
96(2)
Early Probation and John Augustus
96(1)
Early Probation Statutes
97(1)
Probation at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
97(1)
Administration of Probation
98(5)
Granting Probation
103(2)
Conditions of Probation
105(4)
Length of Supervision
109(2)
Violation of Probation
111(7)
Preliminary/Probable Cause Hearing
114(1)
Revocation Hearing
115(2)
Street Time
117(1)
Legal Decisions
118(5)
Conditions of Probation
118(1)
Probation Violation and the Three Theories of Probation
119(4)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Sentencing and the Presentence Investigation (PSI)
123(51)
Requiring a PSI Report
123(1)
Purposes of a PSI Report
123(4)
Content of a PSI Report
127(1)
Gathering Information for the PSI
128(2)
Interviews
128(1)
Review of Records and Reports
129(1)
Short- and Long-Form PSI Reports
130(5)
Sentencing Guidelines, Mandatory Sentences, and the Classical PSI
135(29)
Plea Bargaining and the Pre-Plea Investigation
164(2)
Confidentiality of the PSI Report
166(1)
Criticism of the PSI Report
167(7)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
PART 2 Parole
American Prisons and Community-Based Corrections
174(31)
America's Prison Crisis
174(2)
Origins of the American System of Prisons
176(1)
Pennsylvania: Walnut Street and Other Early Prisons
177(3)
Pennsylvania After Walnut Street
179(1)
Auburn System
180(4)
Convict Labor
181(3)
The Big House
184(1)
Corrections
185(5)
Correctional Institutions: Divisions, Rebellions, and Riots
185(3)
Attica
188(2)
Just Deserts: Contemporary Correctional Institutions
190(6)
Infectious Diseases
192(1)
Drug-abusing and Mentally Ill Inmates
193(1)
Prison Violence
194(2)
Prisons and the Courts
196(1)
Community-Based Corrections
197(3)
Prisons for Profit
200(5)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Parole and the Indeterminate Sentence
205(17)
Transportation to America
205(1)
Maconochie and Norfolk Island
206(1)
Crofton and the Irish System
206(1)
Developments in the United States
207(1)
Elmira Reformatory
207(1)
Indeterminate Sentence and Parole
208(1)
Positivism Reemerges as the Medical Model
209(4)
Indeterminate and Determinate Sentencing
213(3)
Determinate Sentencing, Prosecutorial Discretion, and Disparate Justice
216(2)
The ``Why?'' of Parole
218(4)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Parole Administration and Services
222(54)
Administration of Parole Services
222(1)
Conditional Release
223(1)
The Parole Board
224(10)
Parole Board Procedures
226(6)
Victim Participation
232(2)
Parole Board Procedures
234(1)
Parole Board Guidelines
234(1)
Parole Services--Institutional
235(6)
Parole Services--Field
241(4)
Conditions of Parole
245(1)
Length of Supervision
245(5)
Violation of Parole/Conditional Release
250(12)
Preliminary Hearing
254(3)
Revocation Hearing
257(4)
Street Time
261(1)
Parole Services: Executive Clemency
262(5)
Reprieve
263(1)
Commutation
263(1)
Pardon
263(4)
Legal Decisions Affecting Parole
267(9)
Parole Release and Parole Hearings
267(2)
Parole Violation and the Three Theories of Parole
269(2)
Parole Board Liability
271(5)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
PART 3 Rehabilitation and Supervision in Probation and Parole
Rehabilitation: Theory and Practice
276(29)
Theory
276(1)
Psychoanalytic Theory
277(4)
Stages of Psychological Development
277(2)
Crime and the Superego
279(1)
Psychoanalytic Treatment
280(1)
Social Casework
281(5)
Assessment
282(1)
Evaluation
283(1)
Intervention
284(2)
Learning Theory/Behavior Modification
286(5)
Reality Therapy
291(2)
Group Work
293(2)
Sociological Theory
295(10)
Anomie
295(1)
Differential Association
296(1)
Delinquent Subcultures
297(1)
Neutralization
298(1)
Differential/Limited Opportunity
299(1)
Social Control Theory
300(1)
Drift
301(1)
Labeling
301(1)
Conflict Theory
302(3)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation and Parole Officers
305(21)
The Tasks of Probation/Parole Officers
305(1)
Probation/Parole Officer Roles and Agency Models
306(2)
The Probation/Parole Officer as an Agent of Rehabilitation
308(1)
The Probation/Parole Officer as Broker or Advocate
309(1)
The Probation/Parole Officer as Law Enforcement Agent
309(9)
Should Probation/Parole Officers Make Arrests and Carry Firearms?
313(4)
Probation and Parole Officers: The Powers of Search and Seizure
317(1)
Selecting Probation and Parole Officers
318(1)
Personal Qualities
319(1)
Volunteers
320(4)
Probation/Parole Officer Legal Liability
324(2)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation and Parole Supervision
326(34)
Classification in Probation and Parole
326(5)
Risk/Needs Assessment
326(5)
Probation/Parole Supervision
331(15)
Case Assignment
332(1)
Initial Interview
333(5)
Pretrial Supervision
338(3)
Ongoing Supervision
341(5)
Offender Employment
346(7)
The Stigma of Conviction
349(4)
Restorative and Community Justice
353(7)
Restorative Justice
353(3)
Community Justice/``Broken Windows''
356(4)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Special Problems and Programs in Probation and Parole
360(42)
Substance-Abusing Clients
360(9)
Methadone Treatment
361(1)
Behavior Modification
362(1)
Therapeutic Community
363(2)
Chemical Dependency Programs
365(1)
Alcoholics and Narcotics Anonymous
365(2)
Drug Testing
367(2)
HIV/AIDS
369(2)
Federal HIV/AIDS Specialists
370(1)
New York State Division of Parole AIDS Caseloads
370(1)
Sex Offenders
371(9)
Texas Sex Offender Caseload
374(1)
Hunt County Sex Offender Unit
374(2)
Maricopa County Sex Offender Program
376(1)
Jefferson County Juvenile Sex Offender Unit
376(1)
New Haven Sex Offender Intensive Supervision Unit
377(2)
Orange County Probation Department Adult Sex Offender Unit
379(1)
Intoxicated Drivers
380(1)
Nassau County DWI Unit
380(1)
Offenders Who Are Mentally Retarded
381(1)
Cuyahoga County (Cleveland), Ohio, Mentally Retarded Offender Unit
381(1)
Erie County Special Probation Services
381(1)
Gang Intervention Unit
382(1)
Restitution and Community Service
383(3)
Community Service
384(2)
Probation/Parole Fees
386(3)
Discussion
387(2)
Work Release
389(1)
Halfway Houses
390(3)
Massachusetts Halfway Houses, Inc.
392(1)
St. Leonard's House
392(1)
Hopper Home
393(1)
Interstate Adult and Juvenile Compacts
393(9)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Intermediate Punishments
402(31)
Intensive Probation/Parole Supervision
404(5)
Florida Community Control
404(1)
Georgia Intensive Probation Supervision
405(1)
Cook County (Chicago, Illinois) Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision
405(1)
New York and Colorado
406(1)
Somerset County (Pennsylvania) Day Report Intensive Probation Program
406(1)
Lucas County (Toledo, Ohio) Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision
407(1)
Dauphin County (Pennsylvania) Intensive Juvenile Probation
407(1)
Texas Intensive Supervision Program
407(2)
Intensive Supervision: Research Findings
409(9)
California
409(1)
Georgia
410(1)
Louisiana
411(1)
Minnesota
411(1)
New Jersey
412(1)
New York
412(1)
Ohio
413(1)
Washington State
413(1)
Wisconsin
414(1)
Discussion
415(3)
Electronic Monitoring
418(5)
Discussion
422(1)
Shock Probation/Parole
423(1)
Shock Incarceration/Boot Camp
423(8)
Discussion
427(4)
Day Reporting Centers
431(2)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Probation and Parole in the Twenty-First Century
433(10)
Probation and Parole: Success or Failure?
433(3)
Felony Probation
436(1)
Goals of Probation and Parole
437(3)
Where Have We Been, Where Are We Now, and Where Are We Going?
440(3)
Key Terms
Internet Connections
Review Questions
Glossary 443(9)
References 452(37)
Name Index 489(4)
Subject Index 493

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