| Preface |
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xvii | |
| PART ONE Writing Critically and Conducting Research |
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1 | (198) |
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Chapter 1 Reading Critically |
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Reading Critically in Preparation for Writing Critically |
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3 | (4) |
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Organizing and Developing Ideas |
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7 | (4) |
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Illustration: Reading Critically |
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11 | (1) |
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What's in a Name? More than You Think |
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11 | (19) |
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Criticizes U.S. television news for using slanted terms in reporting U.S. wars on foreign soil. |
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Discussion of "What's in a Name? More than You Think" |
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14 | (2) |
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Rhetorical Analysis of Visuals |
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16 | (5) |
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Rhetorical Analysis of Websites |
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21 | (5) |
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Chapter 2 Writing a Summary |
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26 | (10) |
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26 | (4) |
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Illustration: Making Marginal Notes and Summarizing |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (4) |
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Explains the effects of 9/11 and the Iraq war on the political views of today's generation of college graduates. |
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33 | (1) |
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Stern Belongs on the Radio Just as Much as Rush |
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34 | (9) |
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Argues that Howard Stern's right to be on the radio is as valid as Rush Limbaugh's. |
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Chapter 3 Writing a Critique |
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36 | (18) |
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The Connection between Reading Critically and Writing a Critique |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (7) |
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43 | (8) |
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Argues that omitting courses on religion and spirituality in higher education weakens the curriculum and leaves students ill prepared for their professions. |
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46 | (5) |
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51 | (28) |
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Questions the value of a college education and asks if it is appropriate for everyone. |
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Chapter 4 Writing an Argument |
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54 | (38) |
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Narrowing Your Focus and Discovering Your Position |
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54 | (4) |
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58 | (1) |
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Strategies for Arguing Effectively |
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59 | (8) |
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67 | (11) |
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Illustration: Opposing Arguments |
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78 | (1) |
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Grade Inflation: It's Time to Face the Facts |
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79 | (3) |
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Argues that grade inflation is widespread and explains its negative effects. |
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The Dangerous Myth of Grade Inflation |
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82 | (121) |
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Counters arguments of those who charge that teachers give unrealistically high grades for mediocre performances. |
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Chapter 5 Synthesizing Material and Documenting Sources Using MLA Style |
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92 | (28) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (5) |
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In-text Citations Using MLA Style |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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103 | (3) |
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Integrating Source Material into Your Paper |
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106 | (2) |
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Using Ellipsis Points, Brackets, Single Quotation Marks, and "Qtd. in" |
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108 | (4) |
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Documenting Sources in a Collection of Essays |
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112 | (3) |
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Illustration: Synthesis with In-text Citations using MLA Style |
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115 | (5) |
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Chapter 6 Writing a Research Paper using MLA Style |
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120 | (79) |
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120 | (1) |
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Asking Questions and Discovering a Topic |
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121 | (4) |
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Forming a Preliminary Thesis |
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125 | (1) |
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Developing a Working Bibliography |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (3) |
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Creating a Preliminary Bibliography |
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131 | (4) |
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135 | (2) |
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Evaluating Internet Sources |
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137 | (1) |
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Illustration: Seeking Promising Websites |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (1) |
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Illustration: Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (2) |
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Illustration: Plagiarism, Inaccurate Documentation, and Correct Handling of Source Material |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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Citing Sources in the Text |
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148 | (4) |
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Creating a Works Cited Page Using MLA Style |
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152 | (13) |
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165 | (1) |
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Illustration: Sample Pages from Student Research Papers |
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166 | (10) |
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Student Research Paper Using MLA Style |
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176 | (13) |
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Writing a Research Paper Using APA Style |
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189 | (1) |
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Parenthetical Citations Using APA Style |
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190 | (2) |
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Illustration: Sample Pages from Student Research Paper Using APA Style |
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192 | (3) |
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APA Style References List |
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195 | (4) |
| PART TWO The Arts, Media Studies, and Popular Culture |
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199 | (120) |
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Chapter 7 Music and Video Games |
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201 | (29) |
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Art Form for the Digital Age |
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203 | (4) |
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Argues that "computer games are art-a popular art, an emerging art, a largely unrecognized art, but art nevertheless." |
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207 | (9) |
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Explains the advertising tactic of "viral marketing" and comments on the popularity of video games among boys. |
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216 | (5) |
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Explores claims of a relationship between music and violence. |
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Rap, Rage and REDvolution |
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221 | (5) |
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Notes that while hip-hop music is an empowering voice for Native Americans, many mainstream rappers are guilty of racism in their lyrics. |
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Perspectives on Music and Video Games |
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226 | (2) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (31) |
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Aggression: The Impact of Media Violence |
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232 | (6) |
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Reviews arguments on both sides of the debate on whether media violence influences behavior. |
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The End of Admiration: The Media and the Loss of Heroes |
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238 | (5) |
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Contends that journalists bear a large part of the responsibility for Americans' inability to find heroes in public figures. |
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Advertising's Influence on Media Content |
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243 | (7) |
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Argues that advertisers' power is so great that they often control media content. |
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Liberal Media? I'm Shocked! |
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250 | (2) |
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Expresses concern at the under-representation of conservatives in the news media. |
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252 | (3) |
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Takes a humorous look at conservatives' approach to argument. |
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Perspectives on Media Studies |
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255 | (3) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Film and Television |
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261 | (29) |
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263 | (6) |
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Argues that recent films and Broadway musicals, not hip-hop and Spoken Word, represent "the true soul of black America." |
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Cinderella: Saturday Afternoon at the Movies |
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269 | (8) |
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Examines the fairy tale "Cinderella' for the way it encourages female rivalry to gain the favor of males. |
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TV Violence: Does It Cause Real-Life Mayhem? |
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277 | (3) |
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Argues that television depictions of violence powerfully influence children and bear large responsibility for the high U S. homicide rate. |
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280 | (4) |
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Argues that poverty, abuse, and neglect are to blame for youth violence and other problems, not teens and television. |
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Perspectives on Film and Television |
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284 | (4) |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (2) |
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288 | (2) |
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290 | (23) |
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Solitude and the Fortresses of Youth |
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292 | (3) |
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Argues that controlling the content of students' creative work is not only a violation of their civil liberties but also a denial of their humanity. |
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295 | (4) |
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Raises questions about the purpose and nature of art not only for Cro-Magnons but for people today. |
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299 | (6) |
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Argues that the arts are central to human life and must be included in the basic education of children. |
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The National Endowment for Football: We're Fighting the Wrong Battle |
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305 | (3) |
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Suggests strategies for encouraging people to value artistic expression. |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (13) |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (2) |
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E-Readings Online for Part Two |
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313 | (6) |
| PART THREE Social and Behavioral Sciences |
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319 | (190) |
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321 | (21) |
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One Nation, Enriched by Biblical Wisdom |
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323 | (2) |
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Discusses the controversy over school children reciting the phrase "One nation under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance. |
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325 | (8) |
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Argues that the education today's students are getting does not prepare them for the responsibilities of adulthood. |
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333 | (2) |
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Argues that "the greatest of all avenues to learning...is in reading books." |
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The Closing of the American Book |
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335 | (2) |
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Argues that a number of national crises-in health, politics, and, most importantly, education-are direct causes of a decline in reading. |
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Perspectives on Education |
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337 | (3) |
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337 | (2) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Poverty and Homelessness |
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342 | (26) |
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Our Tired, Our Poor, Our Kids |
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344 | (2) |
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Discusses the number of homeless children in the United States as of early 2001 and touches on the impact of homelessness on those children. |
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Still Hungry, Still Homeless |
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America Magazine Editorial |
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346 | (2) |
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Comments on the increase of homelessness, especially among children, and calls for action to address the problem. |
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348 | (6) |
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Classic, darkly satiric proposal for solving the problem of poverty in Ireland. |
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On the Meaning of Plumbing and Poverty |
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354 | (4) |
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Explains in a highly personal essay the excruciating shame the author felt throughout her childhood-and beyond-that came from living in homes with no indoor plumbing. |
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The Singer Solution to World Poverty |
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358 | (5) |
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Presents an example of a hypothetical moral dilemma to support his argument that Americans should donate to world charities in aid of impoverished children. |
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Perspectives on Poverty and Homelessness |
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363 | (2) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (3) |
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Chapter 13 Criminal Behavior |
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368 | (34) |
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369 | (9) |
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Examines the issues involved in the arguments of both proponents and opponents of capital punishment. |
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Deadly Stakes: The Debate over Capital Punishment |
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378 | (4) |
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Examines the logic of arguments used in opposition to capital punishment. |
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There Are No Lessons to be Learned from Littleton |
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382 | (6) |
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Examines the potential consequences of school violence and considers what lessons, if any, can be learned from it. |
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What's Wrong with America and Can Anything Be Done about It? |
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Wayne C. Barrett and Bernard Rowe |
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388 | (10) |
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Argues that American society has abandoned decency and discipline, replacing them with disrespect and a decline in moral values. |
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Perspectives on Criminal Behavior |
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398 | (2) |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 Gender and Sex Roles |
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402 | (22) |
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Reexamining the Plight of Young Males |
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403 | (6) |
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Insists that it is time to pay attention to boys' development, arguing that they face far greater risks to their health and well-being than girls do. |
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You Can Never Have Too Many |
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409 | (8) |
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Praises Barbie dolls for what they taught her daughters. |
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Sacred Rite or Civil Right? |
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412 | (5) |
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Addresses the debate over gay marriage in terms of the relationship between church and state and their definition of marriage. |
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Deconstructing Gender, Sex, and Sexuality as Applied to Identity |
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417 | (3) |
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Explains why identifying people in terms of their gender, sex, or sexuality is inefficient. |
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Perspectives on Gender and Sex Roles |
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420 | (2) |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (2) |
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422 | (2) |
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Chapter 15 Race and Ethnicity in America |
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424 | (28) |
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426 | (5) |
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Reviews the history of immigration to America and argues that America never has been a true "melting pot." |
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One Nation, Indivisible: Is It History? |
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431 | (6) |
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Explores the effects on American life of demographic shifts caused by the recent great wave of immigration. |
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Hispanics and the American Dream |
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437 | (5) |
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Argues that Hispanics have successfully assimilated into American society. |
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442 | (3) |
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Calls for both whites and blacks to examine and question their own perspectives. |
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How Much Diversity Do You Want from Me? |
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445 | (2) |
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Explains why the pressure to speak for one's entire minority population is unfair. |
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Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America |
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447 | (3) |
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447 | (2) |
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449 | (1) |
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450 | (2) |
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Chapter 16 Terrorism and War |
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452 | (20) |
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A Pure, High Note of Anguish |
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454 | (2) |
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Comments on the September 11 terrorist attacks on American soil and observes that "every war is both won and lost, and that loss is a pure, high note of anguish." |
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The Algebra of Infinite Justice |
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456 | (7) |
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Makes a biting indictment of America's foreign policy as it responds to the September 11 terrorist attacks. |
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The Images We See and Those We Don't |
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463 | (2) |
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Expresses disgust at what he calls American media's exploitation of images of Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse in Iraq. |
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465 | (3) |
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Reviews the complex history of war death imagery. |
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Perspectives on Terrorism and War |
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468 | (2) |
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468 | (1) |
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468 | (2) |
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470 | (2) |
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Chapter 17 America Abroad in Political Science |
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472 | (27) |
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474 | (2) |
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Believes that American's "soft power" has been diminished and conjectures possible effects on American politics. |
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The Decline of America's Soft Power |
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476 | (6) |
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Assesses the effects of the decline in popularity of American policies abroad. |
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482 | (10) |
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Compiles comments on the view of America from American citizens living in 18 countries around the globe. |
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Selling Our Innocence Abroad |
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492 | (2) |
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Examines the image of America abroad, as represented by American popular culture. |
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Perspectives on America Abroad in Political Science |
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494 | (3) |
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494 | (1) |
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495 | (2) |
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497 | (2) |
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E-Readings Online for Part Three |
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499 | (10) |
| PART FOUR Science and Technology |
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509 | (140) |
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Chapter 18 Digital Technology and the Internet |
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511 | (20) |
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Thoughts on the Digital Future of Movies, the Threat of Piracy, the Hope of Redemption |
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513 | (5) |
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Argues the perilous effects of piracy and the value of movies and intellectual property. |
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The Day I Got Napsterized: First they Came for Metallica. Then They Came for Tom Clancy. And Then They Came for Me. |
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518 | (2) |
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Explains how his position on the Internet intellectual-property debate was personalized. |
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Blogging in the Global Lunchroom |
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520 | (4) |
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Muses on his own experience with blogs and the significance of blogs in general. |
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524 | (3) |
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Describes her creation of a website as a process of self discovery. |
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Perspectives on Digital Technology and the Internet |
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527 | (2) |
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527 | (1) |
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528 | (1) |
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529 | (2) |
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Chapter 19 Natural Sciences |
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531 | (26) |
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The Reach of the Imagination |
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532 | (7) |
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Explains the workings of the imagination and why it is the chief difference between humans and animals. |
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539 | (3) |
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Explains that, while the metaphor of discovery is appropriate for describing what chemists do, so is the metaphor of creation. |
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542 | (5) |
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Celebrates the genome discoveries as a whole new way of understanding human biology." |
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The Influence of "Junk Science" and the Role of Science Education |
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547 | (3) |
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Offers examples of Americans' inability to distinguish solid science from 'junk science" and blames poor science education for that gullibility. |
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550 | (3) |
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Counters critics of science journalists and suggests ways scientists and journalists can teach average people about scientific ways of thinking. |
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Perspectives on Natural Sciences |
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553 | (2) |
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553 | (1) |
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554 | (1) |
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555 | (2) |
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557 | (21) |
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Our Biotech Bodies, Ourselves |
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559 | (2) |
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Gives an overview of issues and controversies associated with biotechnology. |
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561 | (3) |
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The co-discoverer of the structure of DNA and first director of the Human Genome Project explains why genetic engineering must go on. |
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564 | (3) |
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The embryologist responsible for the world's first cloned mammal explains why he thinks human cloning should proceed only with great caution. |
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Playing God: Has Science Gone Too Far? |
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567 | (7) |
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Explores from a religious point of view the question of whether scientists should proceed with trying to clone humans. |
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Perspectives on Bioethics |
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574 | (2) |
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574 | (1) |
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574 | (2) |
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576 | (2) |
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578 | (34) |
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Smallpox Shots: Make Them Mandatory |
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580 | (2) |
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Argues that individuals have no choice about inoculations when it comes to epidemic diseases. |
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Restructuring the U. S. Health-Care System |
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582 | (4) |
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Examines problems with the U. S. health-care system and calls for reform. |
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Global Public Goods and Health |
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586 | (2) |
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Raises questions about the process of initiating, organizing, and financing collective actions for health at the global level. |
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588 | (7) |
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Argues that HIV/AIDS is everyone's problem and investigates the social inequalities which nurture the deadly disease. |
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595 | (13) |
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Reports on the conditions that have helped spread HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. |
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Perspectives on Public Health |
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608 | (2) |
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608 | (1) |
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608 | (2) |
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610 | (2) |
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Chapter 22 Environmental Studies |
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612 | (30) |
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Humboldt's Legacy and the Restoration of Science |
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614 | (9) |
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Profiles the 19th-century scientist Baron Alexander von Humboldt and maintains that modern science would do well to adopt his integrated vision of nature. |
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A Declaration of Sustainability |
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623 | (10) |
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Offers practical guides to conservation, or, according to the subtitle, "Twelve Steps Society Can Take to Save the Whole Enchilada." |
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The Galileo of Global Warming |
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American Spectator Commentary |
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633 | (4) |
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Expresses one view on the global warming panic and comments on government action concerning global warming. |
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637 | (2) |
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Comments on environmentalists and describes his efforts to be environmentally responsible. |
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Perspectives on Environmental Studies |
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639 | (1) |
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639 | (1) |
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639 | (1) |
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640 | (2) |
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E-Readings Online for Part Four |
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642 | (7) |
| PART FIVE BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS |
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649 | (97) |
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Chapter 23 Marketing and the American Consumer |
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651 | (28) |
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652 | (7) |
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Discusses the social aspects of American consumerism and the inevitability of its global influence. |
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Richard Wolkomir and Joyce Wolkomir |
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659 | (7) |
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Profiles James B. Twitchell and discusses modern materialism and the history of mass marketing. |
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666 | (6) |
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An analysis of the use beverage marketers make of the widespread appeal of hip-hop music. |
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Shopping and Other Spiritual Adventures in America Today |
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672 | (3) |
|
Takes an amused look at consumerism in America. |
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Perspectives on Marketing and the American Consumer |
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675 | (2) |
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675 | (1) |
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676 | (1) |
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677 | (2) |
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679 | (18) |
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680 | (5) |
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Examines theories of behaviorists on what makes employees do their best work. |
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685 | (2) |
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Discusses the decline of workplaces described as fun and how that relates to the low rates of job satisfaction. |
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687 | (2) |
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Argues that women have not changed the American workplace as much as the workplace has changed women. |
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Warning: This Is a Rights-Free Workplace |
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689 | (4) |
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Argues that employers increasingly erode employees' basic civil rights as well as their self-respect. |
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Perspectives on The Workplace |
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693 | (2) |
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693 | (1) |
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693 | (2) |
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695 | (2) |
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Chapter 25 The Economic Impact of Outsourcing |
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697 | (23) |
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698 | (3) |
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Argues that the debate about the ethics of offshoring misses the point that it represents the inevitable next generation of business practice. |
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The Wal-Mart You Don't Know |
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701 | (10) |
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Argues that in its efforts to offer consumers low prices, Wal-Mart pressures its suppliers and forces them to send jobs overseas. |
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711 | (2) |
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Describes his visit to a training center where Indians are being taught to speak with a Canadian or American accent for their jobs at call centers located in India. |
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Richard Appelbaum and Peter Dreier |
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713 | (3) |
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Examines the reasons why a noble effort to show that businesses do not have to rely on overseas sweatshop labor failed. |
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Perspectives on The Economic Impact of Outsourcing |
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716 | (2) |
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716 | (1) |
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717 | (1) |
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718 | (2) |
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Chapter 26 The Global Marketplace |
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720 | (21) |
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Development without Borders |
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722 | (2) |
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Comments on the benefits of globalization and what strong nations must do to help underdeveloped ones. |
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Globalization without a Net |
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724 | (2) |
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Argues that national governments cannot integrate their countries into the global economy and protect the poor at the same time. |
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Mixing '60's Activisim and Anti-Globalization |
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726 | (3) |
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Describes how college students have organized to protest globalization and applied pressure to bring about changes. |
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Dispelling the Myths about the Global Economy |
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729 | (8) |
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Addresses what he sees as ten myths about globalization and explains why they are false. |
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Perspectives on The Global Marketplace |
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737 | (2) |
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737 | (1) |
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738 | (1) |
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739 | (2) |
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E-Readings Online for Part Five |
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|
741 | (5) |
| Appendix 1 Definitions of Terms Used in Discussion Questions and Writing Topics |
|
746 | (2) |
| Appendix 2 Formatting Guidelines for Course Papers |
|
748 | (2) |
| Credits |
|
750 | (6) |
| Index |
|
756 | |
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