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xi | (2) |
Preface to the Second Edition |
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xiii | (4) |
Preface |
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xvii | (2) |
Acknowledgements |
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xix | |
Introduction: Gangs and the Underclass A Comparative Perspective |
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3 | (16) |
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What do we mean by "gang"? |
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4 | (2) |
What do we mean by "underclass"? |
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6 | (2) |
The possible relation between gangs and underclass |
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8 | (1) |
How did the Chicano gangs emerge in Los Angeles? |
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9 | (2) |
How do Milwaukee gangs compare with Los Angeles gangs? |
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11 | (3) |
Milwaukee and Los Angeles: gangs and the future |
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14 | (2) |
Gangs in "new" cities and old |
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16 | (3) |
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1 What We Don't Know About Gangs |
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19 | (18) |
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20 | (1) |
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Gangs, denial and the images of modern cities |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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Task forces, race and the underclass |
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24 | (2) |
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Too much theory, too few facts |
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26 | (2) |
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The Milwaukee Gang Research Project |
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28 | (3) |
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Talking to the "Top Dogs" |
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31 | (2) |
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What can we learn from Milwaukee's Gangs? |
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33 | (4) |
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2 What Happened to the Beer That Made Milwaukee Famous? |
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37 | (16) |
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Demographics: from polka to breakdance |
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39 | (2) |
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Economics: from white working class to black underclass |
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41 | (3) |
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Education: from learning to labor, to not learning at all |
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44 | (3) |
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From ethnic power to black powerlessness |
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47 | (2) |
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Conclusion: the need for reexamination |
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49 | (4) |
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3 How Do Gangs Get Started? |
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53 | (28) |
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What we know about how 1980s gangs began |
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54 | (1) |
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Thrasher and the subculturists |
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55 | (2) |
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Breakdancing and fighting: 1980-1983 |
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57 | (7) |
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64 | (3) |
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How Milwaukee's gangs came to identify with Chicago's gangs |
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67 | (10) |
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77 | (4) |
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4 How Do Gangs Get Organized? |
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81 | (28) |
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Back to Thrasher, one more time |
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84 | (2) |
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What do Milwaukee's gangs look like? |
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86 | (8) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (3) |
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Are there "fighting gangs," "criminal gangs," and "drug-using gangs"? |
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99 | (2) |
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Hustling, drugs and survival |
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101 | (2) |
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Organized crime and Milwaukee gangs |
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103 | (2) |
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Conclusion: the formation process of Milwaukee's gangs |
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105 | (4) |
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5 Poor, Black and Twenty-One |
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109 | (22) |
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The underclass and the liberal-conservative debate |
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111 | (3) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (8) |
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Profile of the founding group |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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Summary: a generation on its way down |
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127 | (4) |
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6 Desegregation, Alienation, and Gangs in Milwaukee |
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131 | (18) |
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Desegregation and Milwaukee gangs |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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Kids without neighborhoods |
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135 | (3) |
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Al Capone and Martin Luther King |
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138 | (3) |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (1) |
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Alienation and community-based institutions |
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144 | (3) |
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When community controls are lacking, the police are never far away |
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147 | (2) |
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7 Out of Sight, Out of Mind |
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149 | (22) |
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Stages in Milwaukee: Stage I. "We couldn't have gangs here": 1981-1984 |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (2) |
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Stage II. "We do have gangs!" 1984-1985 |
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155 | (3) |
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Stage III. Out of sight, out of mind: 1985-? |
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158 | (5) |
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So where do we go from here? |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (5) |
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8 What Happened to the People and Folks? Postscript 1997 |
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171 | (46) |
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The Milwaukee Drug Posse and Homegirl Studies |
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173 | (3) |
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Social Science and the Impact of Economic Restructuring |
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176 | (1) |
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Female Gangs and the Stability of Gender Roles |
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177 | (2) |
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The Influence of Mainstream American Culture |
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179 | (2) |
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Are Underclass Neighborhoods Disorganized? |
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181 | (2) |
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The Impact of Economic Restructuring on Milwaukee Gang Members |
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183 | (17) |
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1. What Happened to the People and Folks? |
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183 | (5) |
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Women Take a Different Path |
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186 | (2) |
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2. The Dark Side of the American Dream |
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188 | (10) |
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Women Talk about their Lives |
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193 | (3) |
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196 | (2) |
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3. The Drug Business and Social Disorganization |
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198 | (2) |
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Gang Drug Selling Organization and Poor Neighborhoods |
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200 | (4) |
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Violence and the Rise of the Illicit Economy |
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204 | (4) |
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Violence and the Status of New Organizations |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (5) |
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215 | (2) |
Appendices |
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217 | (14) |
Notes |
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231 | (21) |
References |
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252 | (23) |
Index |
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275 | |