Preface |
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vii | |
1. Chemistry of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants |
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1 | (8) |
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D.C. Close and A.E. Hagerman |
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1.1 What are reactive oxygen species? |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 What are antioxidants? |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
2. Oxidative stress in plants and animals |
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9 | (16) |
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D.C. Close and A.E. Hagerman |
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9 | (2) |
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2.2 Sources of oxidative stress in plants |
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11 | (1) |
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2.3 Sources of oxidative stress in animals |
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11 | (1) |
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2.4 Similar consequences of oxidative stress for plants and animals |
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11 | (1) |
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2.5 Environmental factors inducing oxidative stress |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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2.8 Pollutants and toxic chemicals |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (5) |
3. The exercise continuum |
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25 | (10) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (3) |
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3.4 The exercise continuum |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
4. Oxidative stress and muscle size, type, and action |
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35 | (24) |
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35 | (1) |
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4.2 Oxidative stress in large and small muscles |
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36 | (4) |
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4.3 Metabolism and oxidative stress in small and large animals |
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40 | (2) |
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4.4 Radical damage and damage control in DNA |
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42 | (1) |
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4.5 Muscle type and oxidative stress |
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43 | (4) |
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4.6 Muscle remodeling and oxidative stress |
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47 | (2) |
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4.7 Oxidative stress and muscle action |
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49 | (4) |
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4.8 Aging and muscle action |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
5. Oxidative stress across the exercise continuum |
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59 | (26) |
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59 | (1) |
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5.2 Muscle contractions and reactive oxygen species |
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60 | (1) |
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5.3 Age and exercise-induced ROS |
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61 | (1) |
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5.4 ROS in aerobic and anaerobic environments |
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61 | (1) |
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5.5 Muscle damage and ROS |
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62 | (1) |
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5.6 Isometric exercise and oxidative stress |
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63 | (2) |
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5.7 Isometric exercise and ROS |
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65 | (2) |
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5.8 Exercise, hypoxia, and oxidative stress |
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67 | (1) |
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5.9 Resistance exercise and oxidative stress |
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68 | (2) |
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5.10 Sprint exercise and oxidative stress |
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70 | (1) |
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5.11 Contact sports and oxidative stress |
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71 | (2) |
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5.12 Aerobic exercise and oxidative stress |
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73 | (2) |
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5.13 Cross-training sports and oxidative stress |
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75 | (7) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (3) |
6. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense: Effects of aging and exercise |
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85 | (24) |
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85 | (1) |
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6.2 ROS generation with aging and exercise |
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86 | (4) |
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6.3 ROS generation and inflammation |
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90 | (2) |
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6.4 Age-related changes in antioxidant systems |
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92 | (3) |
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6.5 Antioxidant response and adaptation to exercise |
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95 | (3) |
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6.6 Exercise and antioxidant signaling |
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98 | (4) |
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6.7 Training adaptation in aging skeletal muscle |
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102 | (2) |
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6.8 Aging, exercise, and phytochemical supplementation |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (4) |
7. Muscle, oxidative stress and aging |
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109 | (16) |
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J.S. Moylan, W.J. Durham, and M.B. Reid |
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109 | (1) |
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7.2 Redox balance and aging: ROS and NO |
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110 | (3) |
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113 | (1) |
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7.4 Aging, redox signaling and muscle function and contractile function |
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114 | (3) |
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117 | (1) |
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7.6 Perturbing the system: Effects of nutrition |
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118 | (1) |
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7.7 Perturbing the system: Effects of cytokines |
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119 | (1) |
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7.8 Perturbing the system: Effects of training |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (3) |
8. Aging, exercise, antioxidants, and cardioprotection |
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125 | (20) |
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125 | (1) |
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8.2 Overview of myocardial IR injury |
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126 | (1) |
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8.3 Myocardial IR: Necrotic and apoptotic cell death |
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127 | (1) |
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8.4 Oxidative stress and myocardial IR |
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128 | (3) |
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8.5 Calcium overload and myocardial IR |
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131 | (1) |
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8.6 Senescence and increased susceptibility of the myocardium to IR injury |
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132 | (1) |
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8.7 Exercise-induced protection against myocardial IR injury |
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133 | (1) |
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8.8 Mechanisms for exercise-induced cardioprotection |
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134 | (1) |
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8.9 Exercise and Collateral Coronary Circulation |
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134 | (2) |
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8.10 Exercise, heat shock proteins, and myocardial IR injury |
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136 | (1) |
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8.11 Exercise, antioxidant capacity, and myocardial IR injury |
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137 | (2) |
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8.12 Exercise, calcium overload, and myocardial IR injury |
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139 | (1) |
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8.13 Exercise, age, and cardioprotection against IR-induced apoptosis |
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139 | (1) |
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8.14 Exercise-induced cardioprotection: future directions |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (3) |
9. Genetic expressions: Oxidative stress, exercise, and aging |
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145 | (24) |
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N.B. Schweitzer and H.M. Alessio |
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145 | (3) |
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9.2 Gene expression and aging |
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148 | (1) |
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9.3 Factors involved in aging and cell death |
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149 | (2) |
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9.4 Skeletal muscle aging |
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151 | (2) |
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9.5 Oxidative stress and gene regulation |
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153 | (1) |
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9.6 Reactive oxygen species control gene expression |
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153 | (2) |
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9.7 Advances in gene investigation |
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155 | (1) |
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9.8 Gene expression and environment |
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156 | (1) |
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9.9 High density oligonucleotide arrays |
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156 | (2) |
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9.10 Gene expression and exercise |
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158 | (4) |
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9.11 Exercise and lifespan |
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162 | (1) |
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9.12 Gene expression in sedentary aged animals |
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163 | (1) |
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9.13 Oxidative stress in genes: A shared mechanism in exercise and aging |
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164 | (3) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
Index |
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169 | |