Summary
The McGraw-Hill Reader addresses the liberal arts tradition, cross-curricular ideas, and diverse viewpoints through more than one hundred quality prose works from prominent writers and thinkers. A range of readings from both classic and contemporary sources and from across the disciplines provoke critical thought and effective writing.
Table of Contents
Contents Contents of Essays by Rhetorical Mode Preface PART 1: AN OVERVIEW OF COLLEGE WRITING Chapter 1 Reading and Responding to Texts in the 21st Century Reading Critically and ActivelyResponding to EssaysEngaging in Critical ReadingThinking CriticallyROBIN LAKOFF, FROM ANCIENT GREECE TO IRAQ, THE POWER OF WORDS IN WARTIME [“Bullets and bombs are not the only tools of war. Words, too, play their part.”]Networking: Engaging with Digital, Hyperlinked Texts *BENEDICT CAREY, JUDGING HONESTY BY WORDS, NOT FIDGETS [“…psychologists had 38 undergraduates enter a professor’s office and either steal an exam or replace it with one that had been stolen.] MORTIMER J. ADLER, HOW TO MARK A BOOK [“I contend, quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but of love.”]Networking: Marking a Text ElectronicallyAnnotating Taking Notes Questioning the Text ARTHUR M. SCHLESINGER, JR., THE CULT OF ETHNICITY [“Ethnic and racial conflict—far more than ideological conflict—is the explosive problem of our times.”]Message-Making: An Interactive Approach Paraphrasing, Summarizing, Quoting, and Synthesizing Paraphrasing Summarizing Quoting Avoiding Plagiarism Synthesizing: Drawing Connections from Texts Case Study for Synthesis: Classic and Contemporary: The Impulse to Compose *HENRY DAVID THOREAU, ON KEEPING A PRIVATE JOURNAL [“Everyone can think, but comparatively few can write, can express their thoughts in words.”]Networking: Blogging vs. JournalingNetworking: On Keeping a Public Blog*STEVE MARTIN, WRITING IS EASY [“Writer’s block is a fancy term made up by whiners so they can have an excuse to drink alcohol.”]Networking: Engaging with the Author behind the Text Reading and Responding to Online TextsReading and Analyzing Visual TextsClassic and Contemporary Images: How Do We Communicate?Joe Rosenthal, Marines Raising the Flag at Iwo Jima Thomas E. Franklin, Fire Fighters Raising the Flag at Ground Zero Chapter 2 Writing: Process and CommunicationComposing in any Medium: Processes for WritingInventionConsidering Purpose and AudienceChoosing an Appropriate ToneFreewriting and BrainstormingOutliningDraftingDeveloping the ThesisWriting Introductory ParagraphsWriting Body ParagraphsChoosing Strategies for DevelopmentWriting End ParagraphsStudent Essay, JAMIE TAYLOR, CULTIST BEHAVIOR OR DOLTISH BEHAVIOR?RevisingProofreadingResponding to Editorial CommentsA Portfolio on Writing and Communication *MANUEL MUNOZ, LEAVE YOUR NAME AT THE BORDER [“Spanish was and still is viewed with suspicion.”] Networking: How Many of Me?AMY TAN, MOTHER TONGUE [“Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all—all the Englishes I grew up with.”] Networking: Listening and Synthesizing PETER ELBOW, FREEWRITING [“The most effective way I know to improve your writing is to do freewriting exercises regularly.”] Networking: Paper vs. Screen DONALD M. MURRAY, THE MAKER’S EYE: REVISING YOUR OWN MANUSCRIPTS [“When a draft is completed, the job of writing can begin.”] Networking: Redefining “Writer” JOHN HOCKENBERRY, THE BLOGS OF WAR [“The snapshots of Iraqi prisoners being abused at Abu Ghraib were taken by soldiers and shared in the digital military netherworld of Iraq.”]Networking: Investigating Milblogs DEBORAH TANNEN, SEX, LIES, AND CONVERSATION: WHY IS IT SO HARD FOR MEN AND WOMEN TO TALK TO EACH OTHER? [“[A]lthough men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.”]Networking: Exploring Gender and Online CommunicationGEORGE ORWELL, POLITICS AND THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE [“In our time, political speech and writing are largely the defense of the indefensible.”]Networking: Synthesizing a Graphic / Choosing a Graphic MediumSynthesis: Connections for Critical Thinking Networking: Applying 21st Century Literacies Classic and Contemporary Images: How do we write? Edith Wharton writing at her desk Jennifer Jacobson and Jane Kurz writing on laptops at a coffee shop Chapter 3 Reading and Writing Effective Arguments Learning the Language of Argument Using the Test of Justification Reading and Analyzing Arguments Understanding Claims and Warrants Reasoning from Evidence Thinking Critically about Arguments The Purpose of Argumentation Appeals to Reason, Emotion, and Ethics ABRAHAM LINCOLN, THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS [“Four score and seven years ago . . .]”Networking: Using Search PhrasesWriting Powerful Arguments Identify an Issue Take a Stand and Clarify Your Claim Analyze Your Audience Establish Your Tone Develop and Organize the Grounds for Your Claim Gather and Evaluate Your Evidence Consider Your Warrants Deal with Opposing Viewpoints Avoid Unfair Emotional Appeals and Errors in Reasoning Argumentative SynthesisCritiqueGuidelines for Argumentative Synthesis *Case Study for Synthesis: Social Networking: Friend or Foe? *FARHAD MANJOO, DO I REALLY HAVE TO JOIN TWITTER? [“It’s hard for many to shake the feeling that Twitter is a waste of time.” ]*CAROLINE MCCARTHY, IN DEFENSE OF TWITTER [“Quote to Come”]ELLEN LEE, SOCIAL SITES ARE BECOMING TOO MUCH OF A GOOD THING [“As much as people want to connect through the Internet, the practice can also have the opposite effect: social networking fatigue.”]*FROM THE ECONOMIST, CONNECTING UP [“Online-dating sites such as eHarmony and OKCupid.com have seen business look up.”]*LAKSHMI CHAUDHRY, MIRROR, MIRROR ON THE WEB [“We now live in the era of micro-celebrity, which offers endless opportunities to celebrate the most special person in your life, i.e., you….”] Synthesis: Connections for Critical Thinking Networking: Applying 21st Century LiteraciesClassic and Contemporary Images: What Is an Argument? Francisco de Goya, The Third of May, 1808 Eddie Adams, Police Chief Brigadier General Nguyen Ngoc Loan Executes a Viet Cong Officer Chapter 4 Writing a Research Project in the 21st Century Research Writing: Preconceptions and PracticeNavigating the Research Process Phase 1: Defining Your Objective Phase 2: Locating Your Sources Phase 3: Gathering and Organizing Data Phase 4: Writing and Submitting the ProjectDocumenting Sources MLA (Modern Language Association) Documentation MLA Parenthetical DocumentationMLA List of Works CitedAPA (American Psychological Association)Documentation APA Parenthetical DocumentationAPA References List *A Research Project Casebook: Working with Sources Across MediaFinding SourcesEvaluating SourcesWorking with SourcesPrint BookScholarly Journal Article (Online Database)Popular Magazine Article (Accessed Online)WebsiteVisual Media: Film StillSample Student Paper (MLA Style): CLARA LEE, THE COURAGE OF INTIMACY: MOVIE MASCULINITY IN THE 1990S AND EARLY 21ST CENTURYPART 2: ISSUES ACROSS THE DISCIPLINESChapter 5 How, What, and Why Do We Learn? Classic and Contemporary Images: Does Education Change Over Time? Zoology Lab, Oberlin College, 1890s vTom Stewart, Food Science Lab, University of Maine, 1990s Classic and Contemporary Essays: What Is the Value of Education? FREDERICK DOUGLASS, LEARNING TO READ AND WRITE [“The more I read, the more I was led to abhor and detest my enslavers.]Networking: Analyzing a News Report on 21st Century Illiteracy RICHARD RODRIGUEZ, THE LONELY, GOOD COMPANY OF BOOKS [“Didn’t I realize that reading would open up whole new worlds?”]Networking: Considering the Impact of e-Books*LOUIS MENAND, THE GRADUATES [“College, from which some 1.5 million people will graduate this year, is, basically, a sleepover with grades.”]Networking: Examining a Mission Statement*VARTAN GREGORIAN, AMERICA, STILL ON TOP [“Many universities are looking to America as a model for how to survive.”]Networking: Composing a Persuasive Photo EssayANNA QUINDLEN, SEX ED [“I think human sexuality is a subject for dispassionate study, like civics and ethics and dozens of other topics that have a moral component.”]Networking: Interpreting Three Advocacy Group Web Sites DAVID GELERNTER, UNPLUGGED: THE MYTH OF COMPUTERS IN THE CLASSROOM [“In practice . . . computers make our worst educational nightmares come true.”]Networking: Weighing the Potential of Smart Classrooms SUSAN JACOBY, WHEN BRIGHT GIRLS DECIDE THAT MATH IS “A WASTE OF TIME” [“It is not mysterious that some very bright high-school girls suddenly decide that math is ’too hard’ and ’a waste of time.’”] Networking: Analyzing How Design Informs a Website’s Purpose CLAYBORNE CARSON, TWO CHEERS FOR BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION [“. . . the decisions, virtues, and limitations reflect both the achievements and the failures of the efforts made in the last half century to solve America’s racial dilemma and realize the nation’s egalitarian ideals.” ]Networking: Enhancing and Supporting an Argument with VisualsSynthesis: Connections for Critical Thinking Networking: Applying 21st Century Literacies Chapter 6 Family Life and Gender Roles: How Do We Become Who We Are? Classic and Contemporary Images: How Do We Respond to Marriage? Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Rustic Wedding Elise Amendola, Gay Marriage Classic and Contemporary Essays: How Much Do Families Matter? E. B. WHITE, ONCE MORE TO THE LAKE [“One summer, along about 1904, my father rented a camp on a lake in Maine and took us all there for the month of August.”]Networking: Alluding to Print on the WebBARBARA KINGSOLVER, STONE SOUP [“Arguing about whether nontraditional families deserve pity or tolerance is a little like the medieval debate about left-handedness as a mark of the devil.”]Networking: Using Keyword Searches to Find ArticlesANNIE DILLARD, AN AMERICAN CHILDHOOD [“Mother’s energy and intelligence suited her for a greater role in a larger arena—mayor of New York, say—than the one she had.”]Networking: Creating a Playlist NarrativeDAVID BROOKS, LOVE, INTERNET STYLE [“The Internet slows things down.” ]Networking: Reflecting on Online RelationshipsRICHARD RODRIGUEZ, FAMILY VALUES [“The question I desperately need to ask you is whether we Americans have ever truly valued the family.”]Networking: Synthesizing Blog Entries*JULIA ALVAREZ, ONCE UPON A QUINCEAÑERA [“The incredible expense: a girl encouraged in the dubious fantasy of being a princess as if news of feminism had never reached her mami….”] Networking: Shooting a Video Essay or Documentary*JAMAICA KINCAID, THE ESTRANGEMENT [“Three years before my mother died, I decided not to speak to her again.”]Networking: Negotiating Parents, Privacy, and TechnologyFATEMA MERNISSI, DIGITAL SCHEHERAZADES IN THE ARAB WORLD [“Arab women . . . take advantage of new communication strategies as the only initiatives likely to liberate both themselves and their countries.”] Networking: Exploring the Effectiveness of New Communication Strategies Synthesis: Connections for Critical ThinkingNetworking: Applying 21st Century Literacies Chapter 7 History, Culture, and Civilization: Are We Citizens of the World? Classic and Contemporary Images: How Do We Become Americans? Public Health Service Historian, Medical Exam of Male Immigrants, 1907 Associated Press, Illegal Immigrants Crossing the Border between Guatemala and Mexico, 1999 Classic and Contemporary Essays: Are We Moving toward a World Culture? *J. B. PRIESTLEY, WRONG ISM [“There are three isms that we ought to consider very carefully—regionalism, nationalism, internationalism.”] Networking: Considering the Isms of Online CommunitiesISHMAEL REED, AMERICA: THE MULTINATIONAL SOCIETY [“ . . . the United States is unique in the world. The world is here.]” Networking: Comparing Style Across Media *EDWARD HOAGLAND, 1776 AND ALL THAT: AMERICA AFTER SEPTEMBER 11 [“Our real problem…is a centrifugal disorientation and disbelief.” ]Networking: Using Visuals in ArgumentJUDITH ORTIZ COFER, THE MYTH OF THE LATIN WOMAN: I JUST MET A GIRL NAMED MARIA [“Growing up in a large urban center in New Jersey during the 1960s, I suffered from what I think of as ‘cultural schizophrenia.’”]Networking: Examining Stereotypes in Television Shows and Commercials*WILLIAM ECENBARGER, WE ARE THE WORLD [“Most of the world has become literally a Mickey Mouse operation.”]Networking: Composing a Hyperlinked EssayLESLIE MARMON SILKO, YELLOW WOMAN AND A BEAUTY OF THE SPIRIT [“From the time I was a small child, I was aware that I was different.”] Networking: Vetting Online Sources: A Public Domain e-Book AMARTYA SEN, A WORLD NOT NEATLY DIVIDED [“When people talk about clashing civilizations . . . they sometimes miss the central issue.”]Networking: Scripting a Presentation EDWARD T. HALL, THE ARAB WORLD [“In spite of over two thousand years of conflict, Westerners and Arabs still do not understand each other.”] Networking: Creating a Poster SeriesSynthesis: Connections for Critical Thinking Networking: Applying 21st Century LiteraciesChapter 8 Government, Politics, and Social Justice: How Do We Decide What Is Fair? Classic and Contemporary Images: Have We Made Advances in Civil Rights? Advertisement, Slaves for Sale, 1835 “Change” Obama election poster, 2008Classic and Contemporary Essays: What Is the American Dream? THOMAS JEFFERSON, THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE [“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.”] Networking: Reading and Responding to a Website MARTIN LUTHER KING JR., I HAVE A DREAM [“I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the meaning of its creed—we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.”] Networking: Seeing vs. Reading the Text of a Speech*DALIA LITHWICK, WE’RE ALL TORTURERS NOW [“The torture at Abu Ghraib in 2004 was documented in pictures, rather than mere words, making it harder to play down or parse out.”] Networking: Conducting Online ResearchMOLLY IVINS, IS TEXAS AMERICA? [“The fact is, it’s a damned peculiar place.” ]Networking: Reading a Visual in ContextESTHER DYSON, CYBERSPACE: IF YOU DON’T LOVE IT, LEAVE IT [“What’s unique about cyberspace is that it liberates us from the tyranny of government.”] Networking: Exploring Online Communities *ALAN WOLFE, OBAMA VS. MARX [“As for Obama, it is absurd to view his program as a step toward socialism.”] Networking: Comparing and Contrasting Visuals BRUCE CATTON, GRANT AND LEE: A STUDY IN CONTRASTS [“They were two strong men, these oddly different generals, and they represented the strengths of two conflicting currents that, through them, had come into final collision.”] Networking: Creating a Hyperlinked Essay BHARATI MUKHERJEE, AMERICAN DREAMER [“The United States exists as a sovereign nation. ’America,’ by contrast exists as a myth of democracy and equal opportunity to live by, or an ideal goal to reach.”] Networking: Making an Oral Argument JAMES BALDWIN, STRANGER IN THE VILLAGE [ “The time has come to realize that the interracial drama acted out on the American continent has not only created a new black man, it has created a new white man, too.” ]Networking: Analyzing a DebateSynthesis: Connections for Critical Thinking Networking: Applying 21st Century Literacies Chapter 9 Business and Economics: How Do We Earn Our Keep? Classic and Contemporary Images: Will Workers Be Displaced by Machines? Diego Rivera, Portion of a Mural from the Detroit Institute of Arts Image from machine-operated job [to come]Classic and Contemporary Essays: Does Equal Opportunity Exist? VIRGINIA WOOLF, PROFESSIONS FOR WOMEN [“Even when the path is nominally open—when there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant—there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe, looming in her way.”] Networking: Repurposing Text for a New Genre HENRY LOUIS GATES JR., DELUSIONS OF GRANDEUR [“In reality, an African-American youngster has about as much chance of becoming a professional athlete as he or she does of winning the lottery.”]Networking: Creating a Graphic from Data*PAUL KRUGMAN, THE DEATH OF HORATIO ALGER [“Our political leaders are doing everything they can to fortify class inequality….”]Networking: Making a Brochure*WOODY ALLEN, TAILS OF MANHATTAN [ “At that moment, who walked into the restaurant and sits down but Bernie Madoff.”]Networking: Navigating Blogosphere ReactionsTHOMAS L. FRIEDMAN, GLOBALIZATION: THE SUPER-STORY [“I define globalization as the inexorable integration of markets, transportation systems, and communication systems to a degree never witnessed before.” ]Networking: Crafting a CommentBARBARA EHRENREICH, NICKEL AND DIMED [“I am rested and ready for anything when I arrive at The Maids’ office suite Monday at 7:30 A.M.” ]Networking: Examining Comments on a BlogROBERT REICH, WHY THE RICH ARE GETTING RICHER, AND THE POOR, POORER [ “All Americans used to be in roughly the same economic boat. . . . We are now in different boats, one sinking rapidly, one sinking more slowly, and the third rising steadily.” ]Networking: Participating in a NewsgroupJONATHAN SWIFT, A MODEST PROPOSAL [“I have been assured . . . that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food . . .” ] Networking: Applying 21st Century Literacies Synthesis: Connections for Critical Thinking Networking: Applying 21st Century Literacies
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