Preface |
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ix | |
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The principles and limitations of geophysical exploration methods |
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1 | (7) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (5) |
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The problem of ambiguity in geophysical interpretation |
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6 | (1) |
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The structure of the book |
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7 | (1) |
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Geophysical data processing |
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8 | (13) |
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8 | (1) |
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Digitization of geophysical data |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (3) |
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13 | (4) |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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Inverse (deconvolution) filters |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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Elements of seismic surveying |
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21 | (22) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (4) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Seismic wave velocities of rocks |
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26 | (1) |
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Attenuation of seismic energy along ray paths |
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27 | (1) |
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Ray paths in layered media |
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28 | (4) |
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Reflection and transmission of normally incident seismic rays |
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28 | (2) |
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Reflection and refraction of obliquely incident rays |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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Reflection and refraction surveying |
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32 | (1) |
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Seismic data acquisition systems |
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33 | (10) |
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Seismic sources and the seismic/acoustic spectrum |
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34 | (5) |
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39 | (2) |
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Seismic recording systems |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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Seismic reflection surveying |
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43 | (56) |
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43 | (1) |
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Geometry of reflected ray paths |
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43 | (5) |
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Single horizontal reflector |
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43 | (2) |
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Sequence of horizontal reflectors |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Ray paths of multiple reflections |
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47 | (1) |
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The reflection seismogram |
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48 | (3) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Multichannel reflection survey design |
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51 | (6) |
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Vertical and horizontal resolution |
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52 | (1) |
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Design of detector arrays |
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53 | (1) |
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Common mid-point (CMP) surveying |
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54 | (3) |
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Display of seismic reflection data |
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57 | (1) |
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Time corrections applied to seismic traces |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (2) |
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Filtering of seismic data |
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61 | (6) |
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62 | (1) |
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Inverse filtering (deconvolution) |
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62 | (3) |
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65 | (2) |
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Migration of reflection data |
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67 | (5) |
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3D seismic reflection surveys |
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72 | (4) |
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Three component (3C) seismic reflection surveys |
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76 | (1) |
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4D seismic reflection surveys |
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77 | (2) |
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Vertical seismic profiling |
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79 | (1) |
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Interpretation of seismic reflection data |
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80 | (6) |
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81 | (1) |
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Stratigraphical analysis (seismic stratigraphy) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (1) |
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Seismic attribute analysis |
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85 | (1) |
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Single-channel marine reflection profiling |
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86 | (6) |
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Shallow marine seismic sources |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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Applications of seismic reflection surveying |
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92 | (7) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Seismic refraction surveying |
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99 | (26) |
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99 | (1) |
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Geometry of refracted ray paths: planar interfaces |
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99 | (6) |
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Two-layer case with horizontal interface |
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100 | (1) |
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Three-layer case with horizontal interface |
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101 | (1) |
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Multilayer case with horizontal interfaces |
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102 | (1) |
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Dipping-layer case with planar interfaces |
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102 | (2) |
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Faulted planar interfaces |
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104 | (1) |
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Profile geometries for studying planar layer problems |
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105 | (1) |
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Geometry of refracted ray paths: irregular (non-planar) interfaces |
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106 | (4) |
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106 | (2) |
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The plus-minus interpretation method |
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108 | (1) |
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The generalized reciprocal method |
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109 | (1) |
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Construction of wave fronts and ray-tracing |
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110 | (1) |
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The hidden and blind layer problems |
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110 | (2) |
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Refraction in layers of continuous velocity change |
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112 | (1) |
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Methodology of refraction profiling |
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112 | (3) |
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Field survey arrangements |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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Weathering and elevation corrections |
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114 | (1) |
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Display of refraction seismograms |
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115 | (1) |
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Other methods of refraction surveying |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (2) |
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Applications of seismic refraction surveying |
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119 | (6) |
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Engineering and environmental surveys |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (2) |
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Two-ship seismic surveying: combined refraction and reflection surveying |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (30) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (3) |
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129 | (1) |
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Gravity anomalies of simple-shaped bodies |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (4) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Free-air and Bouguer anomalies |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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Interpretation of gravity anomalies |
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139 | (5) |
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139 | (1) |
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Regional fields and residual anomalies |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (2) |
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Elementary potential theory and potential field manipulation |
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144 | (3) |
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Applications of gravity surveying |
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147 | (8) |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (28) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (3) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (2) |
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Magnetic surveying instruments |
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162 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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Optically pumped magnetometer |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Aeromagnetic and marine surveys |
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164 | (1) |
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Reduction of magnetic observations |
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165 | (1) |
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Diurnal variation correction |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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Elevation and terrain corrections |
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166 | (1) |
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Interpretation of magnetic anomalies |
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166 | (6) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (2) |
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170 | (2) |
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Potential field transformations |
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172 | (1) |
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Applications of magnetic surveying |
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173 | (10) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (25) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (16) |
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183 | (1) |
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Resistivities of rocks and minerals |
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183 | (1) |
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Current flow in the ground |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (1) |
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Resistivity surveying equipment |
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186 | (1) |
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Interpretation of resistivity data |
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187 | (1) |
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Vertical electrical sounding interpretation |
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188 | (5) |
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Constant separation traversing interpretation |
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193 | (3) |
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Limitations of the resistivity method |
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196 | (1) |
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Applications of resistivity surveying |
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196 | (3) |
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Induced polarization (IP) method |
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199 | (4) |
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199 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of induced polarization |
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199 | (1) |
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Induced polarization measurements |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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Interpretation of induced polarization data |
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201 | (1) |
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Applications of induced polarization surveying |
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202 | (1) |
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Self potential (SP) method |
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203 | (5) |
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203 | (1) |
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Mechanism of self-potential |
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203 | (1) |
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Self-potential equipment and survey procedure |
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203 | (1) |
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Interpretation of self-potential anomalies |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (1) |
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Electromagnetic surveying |
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208 | (23) |
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208 | (1) |
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Depth of penetration of electromagnetic fields |
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208 | (1) |
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Detection of electromagnetic fields |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (3) |
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Tilt-angle methods employing local transmitters |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (2) |
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Time-domain electromagnetic surveying |
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214 | (2) |
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Non-contacting conductivity measurement |
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216 | (2) |
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Airborne electromagnetic surveying |
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218 | (3) |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (1) |
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Interpretation of electromagnetic data |
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221 | (1) |
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Limitations of the electromagnetic method |
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221 | (1) |
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Telluric and magnetotelluric field methods |
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221 | (4) |
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221 | (1) |
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Surveying with telluric currents |
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222 | (2) |
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Magnetotelluric surveying |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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Applications of electromagnetic surveying |
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227 | (4) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (5) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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Instruments for measuring radioactivity |
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233 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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Example of radiometric surveying |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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Geophysical borehole logging |
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236 | (14) |
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236 | (1) |
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Principles of well logging |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (6) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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Water and hydrocarbon saturation estimation |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (2) |
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Natural gamma radiation log |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Nuclear magnetic resonance log |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (3) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
Appendix: SI, c.g.s. and Imperial (customary USA)-units and conversion factors |
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250 | (1) |
References |
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251 | (6) |
Index |
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257 | |