Introduction to Bed, Bank and Shore Protection

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Format: Nonspecific Binding
Pub. Date: 2003-12-19
Publisher(s): CRC Press
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Summary

The interface of land and water has always played an important role in human activities; settlements are often located at coasts, riverbanks and deltas. When the interface consists of rock, erosion is usually negligible, but finer material can make protection necessary. In a natural situation, the interface moves freely with erosion and sedimentation. A lot of cases remain where protection is useful. Along canals, rivers, estuaries, bank protection is often needed to withstand the loads caused by flow, waves or ships. Shore protection structures include seawalls, revetments, dikes and groynes. Bed protection is necessary where bottom erosion could endanger structures, like bridge piers, abutments, in-or outlets sluices or any other structures that let water pass through. An excellent reference for graduate students and professionals,Introduction to Bed, Bank and Shore Protectionapplies sound scientific principles and observations to the solution of engineering problems.

Author Biography

Gerrit J. Schiereck became associate professor in hydraulic engineering at Delft University in 1992 until 2000 when he returned to Rijkswaterstaat.

Table of Contents

Preface x
Reminder I xiii
Introduction
1(20)
How to look at protections
2(4)
Why and when
2(1)
Design
3(2)
Science or craftsmanship
5(1)
How to deal with protections
6(11)
Protection against what?
6(4)
Failure and design
10(2)
Load and strength
12(5)
How to use this book
17(4)
Flow - Loads
21(28)
Introduction
22(1)
Turbulence
23(3)
Wall flow
26(4)
Uniform flow
26(2)
Non-uniform flow
28(2)
Free flow
30(3)
Mixing layers
30(1)
Jets
31(2)
Combination of wall flow and free flow
33(7)
Flow separation
33(1)
Vertical expansion (backward-facing step)
34(1)
Vertical constriction and expansion (sill)
35(1)
Horizontal expansion
36(1)
Horizontal constriction and expansion (groyne)
37(1)
Detached bodies
37(3)
Load reduction
40(1)
Summary
41(1)
Appendices
42(7)
Basic equations
42(3)
Why turbulence?
45(4)
Flow - Stability
49(26)
Introduction
50(1)
Uniform flow - horizontal bed
50(10)
Basic equations
50(4)
Threshold of motion
54(2)
Stone dimensions
56(1)
Waterdepth
57(1)
Practical application
58(2)
Sloping bed
60(2)
Non-uniform flow
62(9)
Acceleration
62(3)
Deceleration
65(5)
Practical applications
70(1)
Coherent material
71(2)
Summary
73(2)
Flow - Erosion
75(22)
Introduction
76(3)
Scour as sediment transport
76(2)
The scour process
78(1)
Scour without protection
79(7)
Scour in jets and culverts
79(1)
Scour around detached bodies
80(3)
Scour around attached bodies and in constrictions
83(3)
Scour with bed protection
86(10)
Scour development in time
86(1)
Factor
87(2)
Protection length and roughness
89(1)
Varying conditions
90(1)
Equilibrium scour
91(2)
Stability of protection
93(3)
Summary
96(1)
Porous Flow - General
97(26)
Introduction
98(1)
Basic equations
99(4)
General
99(2)
Laminar flow
101(2)
Stability of closed boundaries
103(5)
Impervious bottom protections
103(1)
Impervious slope protections
104(4)
Stability of open boundaries
108(6)
Heave and piping
108(4)
Micro-stability of slopes
112(2)
Macro stability of slopes
114(4)
Load reduction
118(2)
Summary
120(3)
Porous Flow - Filters
123(20)
General
124(2)
Granular filters
126(9)
Introduction
126(1)
Geometrically closed filters
127(2)
Geometrically open filters
129(6)
Geotextiles
135(5)
Introduction
135(1)
Filter stability
136(1)
Permeability
137(2)
Overall stability
139(1)
Summary
140(3)
Waves - Loads
143(34)
Introduction
144(1)
Non-breaking waves
145(7)
General
145(4)
Shear stress
149(3)
Breaking waves
152(5)
General
152(3)
Waves on a foreshore
155(2)
Waves on slopes
157(6)
General
157(2)
Run-up and run-down
159(3)
Wave impacts
162(1)
Load reduction
163(2)
Summary
165(1)
Appendices
166(11)
Linear wave theory
166(4)
Wave statistics
170(5)
Wave generation
175(2)
Waves - Erosion and Stability
177(28)
Erosion
178(2)
Erosion of slopes
178(1)
Bottom erosion
179(1)
Stability general
180(2)
Stability of loose grains
182(11)
Stability in non-breaking waves
182(2)
Stability in breaking waves
184(7)
Low crests
191(1)
Toes
192(1)
Heads
193(1)
Stability of coherent material
193(9)
Placed-block revetments
193(7)
Impervious layers
200(2)
Summary
202(3)
Ships - Loads, Stability and Erosion
205(20)
Introduction
206(2)
Loads
208(11)
Limit speed
208(2)
Primary waves
210(2)
Secondary waves
212(3)
Propeller wash
215(4)
Stability
219(2)
Primary waves
219(1)
Secondary waves
219(1)
Propeller wash
220(1)
Erosion
221(1)
Summary
222(3)
Dimensions
225(32)
General
226(2)
Probabilistics
228(12)
Introduction
228(2)
Comparison of methods
230(3)
Level III
233(4)
Level II
237(1)
Level I
238(1)
Evaluation
239(1)
Maintenance
240(5)
Introduction
240(1)
Maintenance policies
240(3)
Probabilistic approach of inspection
243(2)
Failure mechanisms
245(6)
Introduction
245(1)
Systems
245(1)
Fault trees
246(2)
Examples
248(3)
Summary
251(1)
Appendix: Probabilistic approach Level II
252(5)
Protections
257(28)
Introduction
258(1)
Bed protections
259(9)
General
259(1)
Loose rock
259(3)
Fascine mattresses
262(1)
Composite mattresses
263(4)
Evaluation
267(1)
Piers
267(1)
Bank protections
268(4)
Revetments
268(1)
Loose rock
268(1)
Composite mattresses
269(1)
Rigid structures
270(1)
Groynes
270(2)
Shore protection
272(6)
Revetments and dikes
272(4)
Groynes and breakwaters
276(1)
Breakwaters
276(2)
General aspects: revetments
278(7)
Choice
278(1)
Transitions
279(2)
Toes
281(4)
Environment
285(24)
Introduction
286(6)
General
286(1)
Ecology
286(5)
Load and strength
291(1)
Bed protections
292(1)
General
292(1)
Fascine mattresses
292(1)
Bank protections
293(8)
General
293(1)
Vegetation
294(3)
Vegetation with reinforcing mats
297(1)
Load reductors
298(2)
Groynes
300(1)
Shore protections
301(8)
Mangroves
301(3)
Load reduction
304(2)
Grass dikes and revetments
306(3)
Construction
309(22)
Introduction
310(1)
Equipment
310(6)
General
310(1)
Land based equipment
311(3)
Waterborne equipment
314(2)
Bed protections
316(4)
Loose rock
316(1)
Fascine mattresses
317(3)
Prefabricated mats
320(1)
Bank protections
320(4)
Revetments
320(4)
Shore protections
324(4)
Dikes
324(1)
Groynes and breakwaters
325(3)
Quality assurance
328(3)
General
328(2)
Tolerances
330(1)
APPENDIX A - Material properties
331(24)
A.1 Block weight and size
331(1)
A.2 Grading
332(7)
A.3 Geotextiles
339(7)
A.4 Composite materials
346(3)
A.5 Physical properties of soil
349(6)
APPENDIX B - Examples
355(26)
B.1 River bank
356(5)
B.2 Caisson closure
361(10)
B.3 Breakwater
371(10)
List of Symbols 381(8)
References 389(6)
Index 395(4)
Reminder II 399

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