Iec 61131-3 Programming Industrial Automation Systems: Concepts and Programming Languages, Requirements for Programming Systems, AIDS to Decision-Making Tools,9783540677529

Iec 61131-3 Programming Industrial Automation Systems: Concepts and Programming Languages, Requirements for Programming Systems, AIDS to Decision-Making Tools

by ;
Edition: CD
ISBN13: 9783540677529
ISBN10: 3540677526
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2001-05-01
Publisher(s): Springer Verlag
List Price: $166.95

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Summary

This practical book gives a comprehensive introduction to the concepts and languages of the new standard IEC 61131 used to program industrial control systems. A summary of the special requirements in programming industrial automation systems and the corresponding features in the IEC 61131-3 standard makes it suitable for students as well as PLC experts. The material is presented in an easy-to-understand form using numerous examples, illustrations and summary tables. There is also a purchaser's guide and a CD-ROM containing two reduced but functional versions of programming systems. These increase the value of the book for PLC programmers and for those in charge of purchasing software in industrial companies.

Table of Contents

Introduction
9(12)
Subject of the Book
10(2)
The IEC 61131 standard
12(4)
Goals and benefits of the standard
12(1)
Manufactures (PLC hardware and software)
13(1)
Customers
13(1)
History and components
14(2)
The OrganisationPLCopen
16(5)
Aims
16(1)
Committees and fields of activity
17(1)
Results
18(1)
Certification
18(1)
Exchange format for user programs
19(2)
Building Blocks of IEC 61131-3
21(44)
Introduction to the New Standard
21(9)
Structure of the building blocks
22(1)
Declaration of variables
22(1)
Code part of a POU
23(2)
Introductory example written in IL
25(2)
PLC assignment
27(3)
The Program Organisation Unit (POU)
30(2)
Elements of a POU
32(9)
Example
33(1)
Declaration part
34(1)
Types of variables in POUs
35(1)
Characteristics of the POU interface
36(1)
The formal parameters and return values of a POU
37(1)
External and internal access to POU variables
37(2)
Code part
39(2)
The Function Block
41(7)
Instances of function blocks
41(1)
What is an ``instance''?
41(2)
Instance means ``structure''
43(2)
Instance means ``memory''
45(1)
Relationship between FB instances and data blocks
46(1)
Re-usable and object-oriented FBs
47(1)
Types of variables in FBs
48(1)
The Function
48(4)
Types of variables in functions and the function value
49(1)
Execution control with EN and ENO
50(2)
The Program
52(1)
Calling Functions and Function Blocks
53(11)
Mutual calls of POUs
53(1)
Recursive calls are forbidden
54(2)
Calling with formal parameters
56(3)
Calls with input parameters omitted or in a different order
59(1)
FB instances as actual FB parameters
60(2)
Example of an indirect FB call
62(1)
FB instance names as actual parameters of functions
63(1)
Function values as actual parameters
63(1)
Summary of POU Features
64(1)
Variables, Data Types and Common Elements
65(30)
Simple Language Elements
65(3)
Reserved Keywords
67(1)
Literals and Identifiers
68(2)
Literals
68(2)
Identifiers
70(1)
Meanings of Data Types and Variables
71(4)
From direct PLC addresses via symbols to variables
72(1)
The data type determines the properties of variables
73(1)
Type-specific use of variables
74(1)
Automatic mapping of variables onto the PLC
75(1)
Data Types
75(10)
Elementary data Types
76(1)
Derived data types (type definition)
77(1)
Additional properties for elementary data types
78(2)
Arrays
80(1)
Data structures
81(2)
Initial values in type definitions
83(1)
Generic data types
84(1)
Variables
85(10)
Inputs, outputs and flags as special variables
86(2)
Multi-element variables: arrays and structures
88(2)
Assignment of initial values at the start of a program
90(1)
Attributes of variable types
91(2)
Graphical representation of variable declarations
93(2)
The New Programming Languages of IEC 61131-3
95(106)
Instruction List IL
96(15)
Instruction in IL
96(1)
The universal accumulator (Current Result)
97(3)
Operators
100(1)
Negation of the operand
100(1)
Nesting levels by parenthesis
100(1)
Conditional execution of operators
101(3)
Using functions and function blocks
104(1)
Calling a function
104(2)
Calling a function block
106(1)
IL example: Mountain railway
107(4)
Structured Text ST
111(17)
ST statements
111(2)
Expression: Partial statement in ST
113(1)
Operands
113(1)
Operators
113(2)
Function as operator
115(1)
Statement: Assignment
116(2)
Statement: Call of function blocks
118(1)
Statement: RETURN
118(1)
Statement: Selection and Multi-selection
119(1)
Selection
119(1)
Multi-selection
120(2)
Statement: Iteration
122(1)
WHILE and REPEAT statements
122(1)
FOR statement
123(2)
EXIT statement
125(1)
Example: Stereo cassette recorder
125(3)
Function Block Diagram FBD
128(13)
Networks, graphical elements and connections of LD and FBD
128(1)
Network label
128(1)
Network comment
129(1)
Network graphic
129(2)
Network architecture in FBD
131(2)
Graphical objects in FBD
133(1)
Connections
134(1)
Execution control (jumps)
134(1)
Call of functions and function blocks
135(1)
Programming methods in FBD
136(1)
Network evaluation
136(1)
Feedback variable
137(1)
Example: Stereo cassette recorder
137(3)
Comments on the networks of Example 4.24 and Example 4.31
140(1)
Ladder Diagram LD
141(18)
Networks, graphical elements and connections (LD)
141(1)
Network architecture in LD
141(1)
Graphical objects in LD
142(1)
Connections
142(1)
Contracts and coils
143(4)
Execution control
147(1)
Call of functions and function blocks
148(1)
Programming methods in LD
149(1)
Network evaluation
149(2)
Feedback variable
151(2)
Example in Ladder Diagram: Mountain railway
153(3)
Comments on the mountain railway networks
156(3)
The American way of Ladder programming
159(5)
Network Layout
159(2)
Module addresses and memory areas
161(2)
Configuration
163(1)
Sequential Function Chart SFC
164(37)
Step/Transition combination
165(2)
Step-transition sequence
167(5)
Detailed description of steps and transitions
172(1)
Step
172(2)
Transition
174(5)
Step execution using action blocks and actions
179(2)
Detailed description of actions and action blocks
181(1)
Actions
181(1)
Action block
182(3)
Relationship between step, transition, action and action block
185(4)
Action qualifiers and execution control
189(1)
Qualifier
189(6)
Sequential control
195(1)
Example: ``Dino Park''
196(4)
Comments on the network for the dinosaur park
200(1)
Standardised PLC Functionality
201(26)
Standard Functions
202(15)
Overloaded and extensible Functions
206(1)
Overloaded functions
206(2)
Extensible functions
208(1)
Examples
209(1)
Type conversion functions
210(1)
Numerical functions
211(1)
Arithmetic functions
211(1)
Bit-shift functions
212(1)
Bitwise Boolean functions
212(1)
Selection functions
213(1)
Comparison functions
214(1)
Character string functions
215(1)
Functions for time data types
215(1)
Functions for enumerated data types
216(1)
Standard Function Blocks
217(10)
Examples
218(2)
Bistable element (flipflop)
220(1)
Edge detection
221(2)
Counter
223(1)
Timer
224(3)
State-of-the-Art PLC Configuration
227(16)
Structuring Projects with Configuration Elements
227(1)
Elements of a Real-World PLC Configuration
228(2)
Configuration Elements
230(7)
Definitions
230(1)
The CONFIGURATION
231(1)
The RESOURCE
232(1)
The TASK with run-time program
233(3)
ACCESS declarations
236(1)
Configuration Example
237(3)
Communication between Configurations and POUs
240(3)
Innovative PLC Programming Systems
243(40)
Requirements of Innovative Programming Tools
243(1)
Technological Change
244(1)
Processor performance
244(1)
Full-graphics display and printout
244(1)
Operating systems
244(1)
Uniform user interfaces
245(1)
Decompilation (Reverse Documentation)
245(2)
No decompilation
246(1)
Decompilation with symbols and comments
246(1)
Decompilation including graphics
246(1)
Sources stored in the PLC
247(1)
Language Compatibility
247(8)
Cross-compilation
248(1)
The motivation for cross-compliation
248(1)
Different approaches in graphical and textual languages
249(1)
Differences in languages affect cross-compilation
250(1)
Restrictions in LD/FBD
251(1)
Restrictions in IL/ST
251(1)
Cross-compilation IL/ST
251(1)
Full cross-compilation only with additional information
252(1)
Quality criteria for cross-compilation
253(1)
Language independence
254(1)
Documentation
255(2)
Cross-reference list
255(1)
Allocation list (wiring list)
256(1)
Comments
257(1)
Project Manager
257(4)
Test & Commissioning Functions
261(8)
Program transfer
261(1)
Online modification of a program
262(1)
Remote control: Starting and stopping the PLC
263(1)
Variable and program status
263(4)
Forcing
267(1)
Program test
268(1)
Testing Sequential Function Chart programs
269(1)
Data Blocks and Recipes
269(4)
FB Interconnection
273(3)
Data exchange and co-ordination of blocks in distributed systems
273(2)
Macro techniques in FB interconnection
275(1)
Diagnostics, Error Detection and Error Handling
276(3)
Error concept of IEC 61131-3
277(1)
Extended error handling model (beyond IEC)
277(2)
Hardware-Dependence
279(1)
Readiness for New Functionality
279(4)
Exchange of programs and data
280(1)
Extension with additional software packages
281(2)
Main Advantages of IEC 61131-3
283(6)
Convenience and Security with Variables and Data Types
283(1)
Blocks with Extended Capabilities
284(1)
PLC Configuration with Run-Time Behaviour
285(1)
Uniform Programming Languages
286(1)
Structure PLC Programs
286(1)
Trend towards Open PLC Programming Systems
286(2)
Conclusion
288(1)
Programming by Configuring with IEC 61499
289(10)
Programming by FB Interconnection with IEC 61131-3
289(1)
IEC 61499 - The Programming Standard for Distributed PLC Systems
290(8)
System model
291(1)
Device model
291(1)
Resource model
292(1)
Application model
293(1)
Function block model
294(2)
Composite function blocks
296(2)
Creating an application
298(1)
Overview of the Parts of IEC 61499
298(1)
Contents of CD-ROM
299(2)
IEC Programming Systems STEP 7 and OpenPCS
299(1)
Demo versions of STEP 7 (Siemens) and OpenPCS (infoteam)
299(1)
IL examples
300(1)
Buyer's Guide for IEC 61131-3 PLC Programming Systems
300(1)
A Standard Functions 301(14)
Type Conversion Functions
302(1)
Numerical Functions
303(1)
Arithmetic Functions
304(1)
Bit-Shift Functions
305(1)
Bitwise Boolean Functions
306(1)
Selection Functions for Max., Min. and Limit
307(1)
Selection Functions for Binary Selection and Multiplexers
308(2)
Comparison Functions
310(1)
Character String Functions
311(2)
Functions for Time Data Types
313(1)
Functions for Enumerated Data Types
314(1)
B Standard Function Blocks 315(8)
Bistable Elements (Flip-Flops)
316(1)
Edge Detection
317(1)
Counters
318(2)
Timers
320(3)
C IL Examples 323(8)
Example of a FUNCTION
323(2)
Example of a FUNCTION_BLOCK
325(2)
Example of a PROGRAM
327(4)
D Standard Data Types 331(2)
E Causes of Error 333(2)
F Implementation-Dependent Parameters 335(4)
G IL Syntax Example 339(10)
Syntax Diagrams for IL
340(7)
Example from Syntax Diagrams
347(2)
H Reserved Keywords and Delimiters 349(8)
Reserved Keywords
349(4)
Delimiters
353(4)
I Planned Amendments to the Standard 357(2)
J Glossary 359(6)
K Bibliography 365(4)
L Index 369(6)
Author Biographies 375
Karl-Heinz John
375
Michael Tiegelkamp
375

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