Fundamentals of GIS 2nd Edition Update with Integrated Lab Manual,9780471426097

Fundamentals of GIS 2nd Edition Update with Integrated Lab Manual

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Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780471426097
ISBN10: 0471426091
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2003-01-01
Publisher(s): Wiley
List Price: $125.27

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Summary

The Updated Second Edition of Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems includes thirteen laboratory exercises integrated into the text itself. The labs are linked to particular chapter where the concepts described in the reading can be practiced immediately in a laboratory setting. The second edition of this well-received text on principles of geographic information systems (GIS) continues the author\'s style of "straight talk" in its presentation. The writing is accessible and easy to follow. Unlike most other texts, this book covers GIS design and modeling, reflecting the belief that modeling and analysis are at the heart of GIS. This enables students to understand how to use a GIS and what it does.

Table of Contents

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION
1(18)
Introduction to Automated Geography
3(16)
Learning Objectives
4(1)
Why Geographic Information Systems?
4(3)
What Are Geographic Information Systems?
7(7)
Where Do I Begin?
14(2)
Terms
16(1)
Review Questions
16(1)
References
16(3)
UNIT 2 GEOGRAPHIC DATA, MAPS, AND AUTOMATION
19(130)
Spatial Analysis: The Foundation of Modern Geography
21(33)
Learning Objectives
22(1)
Developing Spatial Awareness
23(2)
Spatial Elements
25(3)
Spatial Measurement Levels
28(3)
Spatial Location and Reference
31(3)
Spatial Patterns
34(3)
Geographic Data Collection
37(6)
Populations and Sampling Schemes
43(3)
Making Inferences From Samples
46(2)
Terms
48(1)
Review Questions
48(1)
References
49(1)
Laboratory Exercise 1: GIS Resources and Applications
50(1)
Introduction
51(1)
Learning Objectives
51(1)
Methods
51(2)
Products
53(1)
The Map as a Model of Geographic Data: The Language of Spatial Thinking
54(44)
Learning Objectives
55(1)
Map as Model: The Abstraction of Reality
56(1)
A Paradigm Shift in Cartography
57(2)
Map Scale
59(2)
More Map Characteristics
61(1)
Map Projections
61(4)
Grid Systems for Mapping
65(7)
The Cartographic Process
72(1)
Map Symbolism
73(4)
Map Abstraction and Cartographic Databases
77(1)
Some Problems Related to Specific Thematic Maps
78(7)
Soil Maps
78(2)
Zoological Maps
80(1)
Digital Remote Sensing Imagery
80(3)
Vegetation Maps
83(1)
Historical Maps
84(1)
Terms
85(1)
Review Questions
85(1)
References
86(2)
Laboratory Exercise 2: Getting Started With ArcView®
88(1)
Introduction
89(1)
Learning Objectives
89(1)
Methods
89(8)
Review and Discussion Questions
97(1)
Shutting Down
97(1)
GIS Data Models
98(51)
Learning Objectives
98(1)
A Quick Review of the Map as an Abstraction of Space
99(2)
Some Basic Computer File Structures
101(4)
Simple Lists
101(1)
Ordered Sequential Files
102(1)
Indexed Files
103(2)
Computer Database Structures for Managing Data
105(6)
Hierarchical Data Structures
106(1)
Network Systems
107(2)
Relational Database Management Systems
109(2)
Graphic Representation of Entitites and Attributes
111(5)
GIS Data Models for Multiple Maps
116(19)
Raster Models
116(5)
Compact Storing of Raster Data
121(2)
Commercial Raster Compaction Products
123(1)
Vector Models
124(5)
Compacting Vector Data Models
129(1)
A Vector Model to Represent Surfaces
130(1)
Hybrid and Integrated Systems
131(4)
Terms
135(1)
Review Questions
136(1)
References
137(2)
Laboratory Exercise 3: ArcView® Object, File, Database and Directory Structures
139(1)
Introduction
140(1)
Learning Objectives
140(1)
Methods
140(6)
Review and Discussion Questions
146(3)
UNIT 3 INPUT, STORAGE, AND EDITING
149(76)
The Input Subsystem
151(42)
Learning Objectives
152(1)
Primary Data
152(1)
Input Devices
153(10)
Raster, Vector, or Both
157(1)
Reference Frameworks and Transformations
158(2)
Map Preparation and the Digitizing Process
160(3)
What to Input
163(2)
How Much to Input
165(2)
Methods of Vector Input
167(1)
Methods of Raster Input
168(3)
Remote Sensing as a Special Case of Raster Data Input
171(5)
Secondary Data
176(2)
Metadata and Metadata Standards
178(2)
Terms
180(1)
Review Questions
181(1)
References
182(2)
Laboratory Exercise 4: Getting Data Into ArcView®
184(1)
Introduction
185(1)
Learning Objectives
185(1)
Methods
186(5)
Products
191(2)
Data Storage and Editing
193(32)
Learning Objectives
194(1)
Storage of GIS Databases
194(2)
The Importance of Editing the GIS Database
196(2)
Detecting and Editing Errors of Different Types
198(11)
Entity Errors: Vector
198(7)
Attribute Errors: Raster and Vector
205(4)
Dealing with Projection Changes
209(1)
Joining Adjacent Coverages: Edge Matching
210(1)
Conflation
211(1)
Templating
212(1)
Terms
213(1)
Review Questions
213(1)
References
214(1)
Laboratory Exercise 5: Adding Attributes and Editing Your Data
215(1)
Introduction
216(1)
Learning Objectives
216(1)
Methods
217(6)
Products
223(1)
Review Questions
223(2)
UNIT 4 ANALYSIS: THE HEART OF THE GIS
225(302)
Elementary Spatial Analysis
227(33)
Introduction to GIS Spatial Analysis
227(1)
Learning Objectives
228(1)
Preliminary Notes About Flowcharting
229(1)
GIS Data Query
230(4)
Navigating the GIS
230(2)
Locating and Identifying Spatial Objects
232(2)
Defining Spatial Characteristics
234(7)
Point Attributes
234(2)
Line Attributes
236(2)
Area Attributes
238(3)
Working with Higher-Level Objects
241(8)
Higher-Level Point Objects
241(4)
Higher-Level Line Objects
245(2)
Higher-Level Area Objects
247(2)
Terms
249(1)
Review Questions
249(1)
References
250(1)
Laboratory Exercise 6: Finding and Locating Objects
251(1)
Introduction
252(1)
Learning Objectives
253(1)
Methods
253(5)
Review Questions
258(1)
Products
259(1)
Measurement
260(36)
Learning Objectives
261(1)
Measuring Length of Linear Objects
261(3)
Measuring Polygons
264(4)
Calculating Polygon Lengths
264(2)
Calculating Perimeter
266(1)
Calculating Areas of Polygonal Features
266(2)
Measuring Shape
268(6)
Measuring Sinuosity
269(1)
Measuring Polygon Shape
270(4)
Measuring Distance
274(10)
Simple Distance
274(2)
Functional Distance
276(8)
Terms
284(1)
Review Questions
285(1)
References
286(1)
Laboratory Exercise 7: Simple Measurement
287(1)
Introduction
288(1)
Learning Objectives
288(1)
Methods
289(5)
Review Questions
294(1)
Products
295(1)
Classification
296(42)
Learning Objectives
297(1)
Classification Principles
297(2)
Elements of Reclassification
299(3)
Neighborhood Functions
302(1)
Roving Windows: Filters
302(3)
Polygonal Neighborhoods
305(4)
Immediate Neighborhoods
305(4)
Extended Neighborhoods
309(1)
Buffers
309(5)
Terms
314(1)
Review Questions
314(1)
References
315(2)
Laboratory Exercise 8: Classification
317(1)
Introduction
318(1)
Learning Objectives
318(1)
Methods
319(7)
Products
326(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
327(1)
Appendix A: Southeastern Mount Desert Island, Maine Abbreviated Data Dictionary
328(3)
Appendix B: Southeastern Mount Desert Island, Maine Abbreviated Data Dictionary: Detailed Species Codes
331(7)
Statistical Surfaces
338(53)
Learning Objectives
340(1)
What Are Surfaces?
340(3)
Surface Mapping
341(2)
Sampling the Statistical Surface
343(2)
The DEM
345(1)
Raster Surfaces
346(1)
Interpolation
347(7)
Linear Interpolation
348(1)
Methods of Nonlinear Interpolation
349(5)
Uses of Interpolation
354(1)
Problems in Interpolation
355(5)
Terrain Reclassification
360(7)
Steepness of Slope
360(2)
Azimuth or Orientation (Aspect)
362(1)
Shape or Form
363(2)
Visibility and Intervisibility
365(2)
Slicing the Statistical Surface
367(2)
Cut and Fill
369(1)
Other Surface Analyses
370(1)
Discrete Surfaces
371(4)
Dot Distribution Maps
371(2)
Choropleth Maps
373(1)
Dasymetric Mapping
374(1)
Terms
375(1)
Review Questions
375(2)
References
377(2)
Laboratory Exercise 9: Working With Surfaces: (ArcView® Spatial Analyst)
379(1)
Introduction
380(1)
Learning Objectives
380(1)
Methods
380(10)
Products
390(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
390(1)
Spatial Arrangement
391(52)
Learning Objectives
392(2)
Point, Area, and Line Arrangements
394(1)
Point Patterns
395(4)
Quadrat Analysis
396(1)
Nearest Neighbor Analysis
397(2)
Thiessen Polygons
399(2)
Area Patterns
401(1)
Distance and Adjacency
402(1)
Other Polygonal Arrangement Measures
402(1)
Linear Patterns
403(3)
Line Densities
404(1)
Nearest Neighbors and Line Intercepts
404(2)
Directionality of Linear and Areal Objects
406(4)
Connectivity of Linear Objects
410(3)
Gravity Model
413(2)
Routing and Allocation
415(2)
The Missing Variable: Using Other Coverages
417(1)
Terms
417(1)
Review Questions
418(1)
References
419(2)
Laboratory Exercise 10: Spatial Arrangement
421(1)
Introduction
422(1)
Learning Objectives
423(1)
Methods
423(6)
Products
429(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
429(1)
Laboratory Exercise 10 Optional: Working With Networks (ArcView® Network Analyst)
430(1)
Introduction
431(1)
Learning Objectives
431(1)
Data Preparations
432(1)
Methods
433(9)
Products
442(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
442(1)
Comparing Variables Among Maps
443(40)
Learning Objectives
443(1)
The Cartographic Overlay
444(3)
Point-in-Polygon and Line-in-Polygon Operations
447(3)
Polygon Overlay
450(4)
Automating the Overlay Process
454(5)
Automating Point-in-Polygon and Line-in-Polygon Procedures in Raster
454(2)
Automating Polygon Overlay in Raster
456(2)
Automating Vector Overlay
458(1)
Types of Overlay
459(9)
CAD-Type Overlay
459(2)
Topological Vector Overlay
461(5)
A Note About Error in Overlay
466(2)
Dasymetric Mapping
468(2)
Some Final Notes on Overlay
470(1)
Terms
471(1)
Review Questions
471(1)
References
472(2)
Laboratory Exercise 11: Overlay
474(1)
Introduction
475(1)
Learning Objectives
475(1)
Methods
476(5)
Products
481(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
482(1)
Cartographic Modeling
483(44)
Learning Objectives
484(1)
Model Components
485(1)
The Cartographic Model
486(2)
Models in Geography
488(2)
Types of Cartographic Models
490(3)
Inductive and Deductive Modeling
493(1)
Factor Selection
494(1)
Model Flowcharting
494(13)
Working Through the Model
497(7)
Conflict Resolution
504(1)
Some Example Cartographic Models
504(3)
Model Implementation
507(3)
Model Verification
510(4)
Terms
514(1)
Review Questions
514(1)
References
515(2)
Laboratory Exercise 12: The Cartographic Modeling Process
517(1)
Introduction
518(1)
Learning Objectives
519(1)
Linkage to Your Text
519(1)
Technical Objectives
520(1)
Materials Provided
520(1)
Products
520(1)
Appendix A
521(6)
UNIT 5 GIS OUTPUT
527(40)
The Output from Analysis
529(38)
Learning Objectives
530(1)
Output: The Display of Analysis
530(1)
Cartographic Output
531(4)
The Design Process
534(1)
Map Design Controls
535(3)
Nontraditional Cartographic Output
538(3)
GIS on the Internet
541(3)
Noncartographic Output
544(5)
Interactive Output
544(1)
Table and Charts
545(4)
Technology and GIS Output
549(4)
Terms
553(1)
Review Questions
554(1)
References
554(2)
Laboratory Exercise 13: Output From Analysis
556(1)
Introduction
557(1)
Learning Objectives
557(1)
Methods
557(8)
Products
565(1)
Review and Discussion Questions
565(2)
UNIT 6 GIS DESIGN
567(34)
GIS Design and Implementation
569(32)
Learning Objectives
570(1)
What is GIS Design?
570(1)
The Need for GIS Design
571(2)
Internal and External GIS Design Questions
573(2)
The Software Engineering Approach
575(4)
System Design Principles
575(1)
System Development Waterfall Model
576(2)
The Mythical Man-Month
578(1)
Some General Systems Characteristics
578(1)
The Institutional Setting for GIS Operations
579(3)
The Relation Between the System and the Outside World
579(3)
A Structured Design Model
582(4)
Technical Design
582(1)
The Reasons for Conceptual Design
583(1)
Conceptual Design Shortcomings
583(1)
People Problems of GIS
584(1)
Cost-Benefit Issues
585(1)
Data and Applications Requirements Models
585(1)
Formal GIS Design Methodology
586(4)
The Spiral Model: Rapid Prototyping
586(1)
Overview of the Initial GIS Design Model (Level 1)
587(3)
GIS Information Products
590(3)
How Information Products Drive the GIS
590(1)
Organizing the Local Views
591(1)
Avoiding Design Creep
592(1)
View Integration
593(1)
Database Design: General Considerations
593(3)
Study Area
593(1)
Scale, Resolution, and Level of Detail
594(1)
Classification
595(1)
Coordinate System and Projection
595(1)
Selecting a System
596(1)
Verification and Validation
596(1)
Terms
597(1)
Review Questions
597(1)
References
598(3)
Appendix A Software and Data Sources 601(6)
Appendix B Using the Wiley World Wide Web to Find Data and GIS Examples 607(2)
Glossary 609(18)
Photo Credits 627(2)
Index 629

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