Foreword
Introduction
Acronyms
1 5G versus 4G: What’s New?
   1.1 Overview
   1.2 LTE: A Success Story
   1.3 Physical Layer Changes in 5G
   1.4 Protocol Changes in 5G
   1.5 Main Physical Layer Features of LTE over Releases
2 Deployment Scenarios
   2.1 LTE-NR Spectrum Sharing
   2.2 Switched NR UL Carrier Aggregation Enhancements
   2.3 Nonaligned Carrier Aggregation Operation
   2.4 Frequency Ranges and Frequency Bands
3 Architecture Options for 5G
   3.1 Introduction
   3.2 The 5G RAN Architecture
   3.3 The 5G Core
   3.4 EPC versus 5GC (What Is 5GC For?)
   3.5 Main Functional Entities of the 5G Core
   3.6 High-Level Features of 5G Core
   3.7 Network Slicing
   3.8 QoS
   3.9 Interworking with Non-3GPP Access Technologies
   3.10 Policy Control
   3.11 5G Security
   3.12 Access Control and Barring
   3.13 Support for Operator and Regulatory Services
   3.14 Interworking with EPC
   3.15 EPC to 5GC Migration
4 Evolution of 5G Architecture
   4.1 Introduction
   4.2 Non-Public Networks
   4.3 Cellular V2X
   4.4 Cellular IoT
   4.5 “Big Data” Collection (Enhanced Network Automation)
   4.6 Enhancements to Interworking with Non-3GPP Accesses
   4.7 URLLC
   4.8 Slice Authentication
   4.9 Other Release 16 Features
5 Numerology and Slot Structure
   5.1 Numerology and Slot Structure in 4G LTE
   5.2 Lessons Learned from 4G LTE and 5G Considerations
   5.3 SCSs for 5G NR
   5.4 Frequency Ranges, Bandwidths, and Bands for 5G NR
   5.5 gNB Channel Bandwidth versus UE Channel Bandwidth
   5.6 Symbol, Slot, Subframe, and Frame for 5G NR
   5.7 Slot Structure for 5G NR and Forward Compatibility Considerations
6 Initial Access and Mobility
   6.1 Overview
   6.2 Initial Access
   6.3 Random Access
   6.4 Paging
   6.5 Mobility
7 Downlink Control Operation
   7.1 Downlink Control in 4G LTE
   7.2 Control Region Management in 5G NR
   7.3 PDCCH Structure in 5G NR
   7.4 Search Space for NR PDCCH
   7.5 DCI Formats for NR PDCCH
   7.6 Physical Layer Block Diagram for NR PDCCH
   7.7 Power Saving Considerations
8 Downlink Data Operation
   8.1 Channel Coding for Data
   8.2 Channel Code Rate Matching
   8.3 DL Soft Buffer Management
   8.4 DL MCS and TBS Determination
   8.5 DL Resource Allocation in the Time Domain
   8.6 DL Resource Allocation in the Frequency Domain
   8.7 DL Rate Matching
   8.8 DL HARQ Operation
   8.9 DL Data Rate Capability
   8.10 Processing Time for DL Data
   8.11 Demodulation Reference Signals for Data
   8.12 PDSCH DM-RS
   8.13 DL Phase Tracking Reference Signal
   8.14 Channel State Information Reference Signal
   8.15 Tracking Reference Signal
   8.16 DL MIMO Scheme
   8.17 CSI Feedback
   8.18 Beam Management for the PDSCH
   8.19 Signal Quasi Co-Location
9 Uplink Control Operation
   9.1 Uplink Control in 4G LTE
   9.2 UCI Types and Payload Sizes in 5G NR
   9.3 PUCCH Formats in 5G NR
   9.4 PUCCH Resource Determination in 5G NR
   9.5 UCI on PUSCH in 5G NR
   9.6 Channel Coding for UCI
10 Uplink Data Operation
   10.1 UL MCS and TBS Determination
   10.2 UL Resource Allocation in the Time Domain
   10.3 UL Resource Allocation in the Frequency Domain
   10.4 UL Rate Matching
   10.5 UL HARQ Operation
   10.6 UL Soft Buffer Management
   10.7 UL Data Rate Capability
   10.8 Processing Time for UL Data
   10.9 PUSCH DM-RS
   10.10 UL Phase Tracking Reference Signal
   10.11 Sounding Reference Signal
   10.12 UL MIMO Scheme
   10.13 Beam Management for the PUSCH
   10.14 UL Power Control
   10.15 UL Timing
11 Coexistence of 4G and 5G
   11.1 Adjacent Channel Coexistence
   11.2 Same Channel Coexistence
   11.3 EN-DC Power Control
   11.4 Switched EN-DC UL
12 5G in Unlicensed and Shared Spectrum
   12.1 Unlicensed Operation in LTE
   12.2 Overview
   12.3 Channel Access
   12.4 Discovery Burst
   12.5 Physical Layer Extensions for Uplink
   12.6 Increased Scheduling Flexibility
13 Vertical Expansion: URLLC
   13.1 A Brief History of 3GPP Standardization Related to URLLC
   13.2 Use Cases and Deployment Scenarios for 5G NR URLLC
   13.3 Resource Management for URLLC
   13.4 Optimizing Link Efficiency for URLLC
   13.5 Downlink Resource Sharing for Distinct Service Types
   13.6 Uplink Resource Sharing for Distinct Service Types
   13.7 Handling Distinct Services at the UE
   13.8 Other Related Aspects
14 Vertical Expansion: MTC
   14.1 A Brief History of MTC in 3GPP
   14.2 Key Technical Enablers for eMTC
   14.3 Key Technical Enablers for NB-IoT
   14.4 Integration of eMTC and NB-IoT into 5G NR
   14.5 Future Trends
15 5G Vertical Expansion: V2X
   15.1 Overview
   15.2 Background: LTE V2X
   15.3 NR V2X
16 Vertical Expansion: Broadcast and Multicast
17 Miscellaneous Topics for 5G
   17.1 Overview
   17.2 Interference Management
   17.3 UE Power Savings
   17.4 NR Positioning
   17.5 Two-Step RACH
   17.6 Multi-RAT DC/CA Enhancements
   17.7 Mobility Enhancements
   17.8 Integrated Access and Backhaul
18 A Look at Typical 5G Commercial Deployments
19 5G: What’s Next?
   19.1 Overview
   19.2 Radio Projects in Release 17
   19.3 Systems Projects in Release 17
   19.4 NR Expansion into Higher Frequencies
   19.5 Sidelink Beyond V2X
   19.6 Relaying Operation
   19.7 Edge Applications
   19.8 On the Path to 6G
Index