Environmental Disasters: Anthropogenic and Natural

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Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2002-11-01
Publisher(s): Springer Verlag
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Summary

As the impacts of environmental disasters on populations and their economic activity increase, the assessment of risk from such catastrophic events becomes more urgent not only for humankind, but also for other living organisms. This book details the problems caused by such environmental disasters and discusses possible mitigation methods, including risk mapping using satellite monitoring data.

Table of Contents

Preface ix
List of figures
xiii
List of tables
xxi
Abbreviations xxv
Natural and anthropogenic environmental disasters. The problems of risk
1(50)
Global changes on the borderline between two millennia
2(18)
Introduction
2(1)
Global dynamics of socio-economic development and the environment: updated statistics
3(17)
Space and time characteristic features of disasters
20(13)
Definitions and classification of disasters
20(2)
Global features of disaster consequences
22(4)
Regional (continental) features of disaster consequences
26(4)
Geographical distribution of disaster consequences
30(2)
Temporal dynamics of environmental disasters
32(1)
Problems of risk
33(10)
Risk of environmental disasters
34(1)
Location of disasters
35(1)
Genesis of disasters
36(1)
Temporal variability and development of disasters
37(1)
Vulnerability of population
37(1)
Historic experience of surviving disasters
38(1)
Risk perception and information about risk
39(2)
Management of risk due to natural and anthropogenic disasters
41(1)
Conclusion
42(1)
References
43(8)
Natural and anthropogenic diasters in the history of civilization
51(50)
Natural disasters and mankind
51(28)
Volcanic eruptions
51(4)
Earthquakes
55(5)
Climate change
60(5)
River floods
65(5)
Sea level changes
70(4)
Lake level changes
74(5)
Anthropogenic environmental disasters in the past
79(11)
Causes and basic types of disaster
79(1)
Soil degradation
80(3)
Desertification
83(1)
Forest decline and soil degradation
84(2)
Depletion of water resources
86(1)
Destruction of ecosystems due to human activity
87(3)
The possibilities of using experience in overcoming the consequences of ecological disasters
90(5)
References
95(6)
Natural disasters and their consequencies
101(146)
Meteorological hazards
101(30)
Introduction
101(11)
Storms
112(4)
Regional meteorological hazards
116(8)
Air temperature and precipitation anomalies
124(5)
Meteorological hazards and insurance
129(1)
Conclusion
130(1)
Dust storms
131(19)
Dust storms as dangerous natural phenomena
131(2)
Satellite observations of dust storms
133(17)
Hydrological hazards
150(12)
River floods
150(7)
Satellite observations of river floods
157(5)
Geological disasters
162(66)
Earthquakes
162(45)
Volcanic eruptions
207(12)
Landslides
219(9)
References
228(19)
Some anthropogenic disasters and their consequences
247(58)
Land surface pollution
247(12)
Land surface pollution
247(7)
Satellite observations of land surface pollution
254(5)
Forest and other fires
259(16)
Forest fires in the 20th century
259(6)
Satellite information about forest fires
265(10)
Technogenic accidents and disasters
275(24)
Technogenic accidents and environmental destabilization
275(10)
Satellite observations of technological environmental disasters
285(14)
References
299(6)
Global and regional `slow' disasters
305(156)
Stratospheric and tropospheric ozone changes
305(41)
Introduction
305(5)
Stratospheric ozone
310(24)
Tropospheric ozone
334(10)
Conclusions
344(2)
Global climate change and carbon cycle
346(29)
Introduction
346(9)
Observational data
355(8)
Results and reliability of numerical climate modelling
363(6)
Energy production development and the environment
369(3)
Conclusion
372(3)
Deforestation
375(7)
Forest resources and tendencies to change
375(3)
Satellite information on forest cover destruction
378(4)
Desertification
382(13)
Development and consequences of desertification
382(4)
Satellite observations of desertification
386(9)
Biodiversity
395(9)
Modern tendencies in biodiversity state on the planet
395(4)
Using satellite information for studying biodiversity
399(5)
Droughts
404(6)
Droughts as natural and man-made disasters
404(3)
Satellite observations of droughts
407(3)
Slow oscillations of inland water levels
410(13)
Manifestations of disasters and their scales
410(6)
The results of satellite observations of ecological disaster regions on lake coasts
416(7)
Conclusion
423(1)
References
423(38)
Perspectives of environmental monitoring
461(18)
General goals
461(4)
Radiation, clouds, water vapour, precipitation and atmospheric circulation
465(2)
General circulation, bioproductivity and the exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere
467(1)
Greenhouse gases and chemistry of the atmosphere
468(1)
Land ecosystems and hydrological processes
469(1)
Cryospheric processes
470(2)
Ozone and stratospheric chemistry
472(1)
Volcanic eruptions and aerosol impact on climate
473(1)
Conclusion
474(1)
References
475(4)
Index 479

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