End-to-End Qos Network Design : Quality of Service in LANs, WANs, and VPNs,9781587051760

End-to-End Qos Network Design : Quality of Service in LANs, WANs, and VPNs

by ;
Edition: 1st
ISBN13: 9781587051760
ISBN10: 1587051761
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2004-11-09
Publisher(s): Cisco Press
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Summary

Quality of Service (QoS) has already proven itself as the enabling technology for the convergence of voice, video, and data networks. As business needs evolve, so do the demands for QoS. The need to protect critical applications via QoS mechanisms in business networks has escalated over the past few years, primarily due to the increased frequency and sophistication of denial-of-service (DoS) and worm attacks.

Author Biography

Tim Szigeti, CCIE No. 9794, is part of the Technology Solutions Engineering team within the Cisco Central Technical Marketing organization, where he helps define and drive strategic QoS solutions across Cisco technology groups while working with many Fortune 500 companies (both enterprise and service providers) providing QoS design expertise.

Christina Hattingh is a member of the technical staff in the Multiservice Customer Edge Business Unit of Cisco Systems. In this role, she trains Cisco sales staff and advises customers on voice network deployment and design.

Table of Contents

Introduction xxii
Part I Introduction to QoS
3(64)
Introduction to QoS
5(28)
A Brief Historical Perspective
5(2)
QoS Evolution
7(2)
User Network Expectations
9(1)
End User
9(1)
Information Technologies Management
9(1)
Understanding QoS
10(4)
End-to-End QoS
10(1)
All Packets Are (Not) Equal
11(1)
The Challenges of Converged Networks
12(2)
QoS Models
14(3)
IntServ Overview
15(1)
DiffServ Overview
16(1)
Introduction to the QoS Toolset
17(2)
Simplifying QoS
19(7)
Modular QoS Command-Line Interface
19(1)
QoS Baseline
20(1)
Default Behavior
21(3)
Cross-Platform Feature Consistency
24(1)
Automatic QoS
24(2)
If I Have AutoQoS, Why Should I Be Reading This Book?
26(3)
The Continuing Evolution of QoS
29(1)
Summary
29(1)
Further Reading
30(3)
General
30(1)
IntServ
30(1)
DiffServ
31(1)
AutoQoS
31(2)
QoS Design Overview
33(34)
QoS Requirements of VoIP
33(6)
Voice (Bearer Traffic)
33(5)
Call-Signaling Traffic
38(1)
QoS Requirements of Video
39(3)
Interactive-Video
39(2)
Streaming-Video
41(1)
QoS Requirements of Data
42(6)
Best-Effort Data
44(1)
Bulk Data
44(1)
Transactional Data/Interactive Data
45(1)
Locally Defined Mission-Critical Data
45(2)
DLSw+ Considerations
47(1)
QoS Requirements of the Control Plane
48(1)
IP Routing
48(1)
Network-Management
49(1)
Scavenger Class
49(1)
DoS and Worm Mitigation Strategy Through Scavenger Class QoS
50(4)
Principles of QoS Design
54(9)
General QoS Design Principles
55(2)
Classification and Marking Principles
57(1)
Policing and Markdown Principles
57(1)
Queuing and Dropping Principles
58(3)
DoS and Worm Mitigation Principles
61(1)
Deployment Principles
62(1)
Summary
63(1)
Further Reading
64(3)
Part II QoS Toolset
67(220)
Classification and Marking Tools
69(34)
Classification Tools
70(7)
Modular QoS Command-Line Interface Class Maps
71(2)
Network-Based Application Recognition
73(4)
Marking Tools
77(21)
Class-Based Marking
78(1)
Class-Based Policing
78(1)
Committed Access Rate
79(1)
Policy-Based Routing
79(1)
Voice Gateway Packet Marking
79(2)
Layer 2 Marking Fields
81(5)
Layer 3 Marking Fields
86(4)
Translating Layer 2 and Layer 3 Packet Markings
90(8)
Summary
98(1)
Further Reading
99(4)
General
99(1)
DiffServ
99(1)
L2 Protocol Tunneling
100(1)
VPN
100(1)
NBAR
100(1)
MPLS
100(1)
IP--ATM/Frame Relay Bundles
101(1)
Level 2 to Level 3 Packet-Marking Translation
101(2)
Policing and Shaping Tools
103(30)
Token Bucket Algorithms
105(2)
Policers
107(11)
Policers as Markers
107(1)
Committed Access Rate
107(2)
Class-Based Policing
109(9)
Shapers
118(10)
Shaping Algorithms
120(1)
Shaping on ATM and Frame Relay Networks
121(5)
Generic Traffic Shaping
126(1)
Class-Based Shaping
126(2)
Further Reading
128(5)
DiffServ Policing Standards
128(1)
Policing
129(1)
ATM PVC Traffic Parameters
129(1)
Frame Relay Traffic Shaping
129(1)
Traffic Shaping
130(3)
Congestion-Management Tools
133(26)
Understanding Scheduling and Queuing
134(2)
Legacy Layer 3 Queuing Mechanisms
136(3)
Priority Queuing
137(1)
Custom Queuing
137(1)
Weighted Fair Queuing
137(2)
IP RTP Priority Queuing
139(1)
Currently Recommended Layer 3 Queuing Mechanisms
139(11)
Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing
139(1)
Low-Latency Queuing
140(10)
Layer 2 Queuing Tools
150(2)
Frame Relay Dual-FIFO
150(1)
PVC Interface Priority Queuing
150(2)
Tx-ring
152(1)
PAK_priority
153(1)
Summary
154(1)
Further Reading
154(5)
Layer 3 Queuing
154(1)
Layer 2 Queuing
155(1)
Tx-ring
156(1)
PAK_priority
156(3)
Congestion-Avoidance Tools
159(10)
Random Early Detection
160(1)
Weighted Random Early Detection
161(1)
DSCP-Based Weighted Random Early Detection
162(1)
Explicit Congestion Notification
163(3)
Summary
166(1)
Further Reading
166(3)
DiffServ Standards Relating to WRED
166(1)
Cisco IOS WRED Documentation
166(3)
Link-Specific Tools
169(26)
Header-Compression Techniques
170(11)
Related Standards
171(1)
TCP Header Compression
171(1)
RTP Header Compression
171(2)
Compression Formats
173(1)
Layer 2 Encapsulation Protocol Support
174(3)
Summary of cRTP Formats and Protocol Encapsulations
177(1)
Class-Based Header Compression
178(2)
Advanced Topics on cRTP
180(1)
Link Fragmentation and Interleaving
181(9)
Fragment Sizes
183(1)
Multilink PPP LFI
183(2)
Frame-Relay Fragmentation
185(3)
LFI for Frame Relay/ATM Service Interworking
188(2)
IPSec Prefragmentation
190(1)
Summary
190(1)
Further Reading
191(4)
General
191(1)
IETF Standards
191(1)
Frame Relay Forum Standards
191(1)
Header Compression
192(1)
Link Fragmentation and Interleaving
192(3)
Bandwidth Reservation
195(10)
RSVP Overview
196(3)
RSVP Service Types
197(1)
Admission Control
197(1)
RSVP and LLQ
198(1)
MPLS Traffic Engineering
199(1)
Scalability
200(1)
RSVP-DiffServ Integration
200(1)
Endpoints and Proxies
201(1)
Summary
201(1)
Further Reading
201(4)
Standards
201(1)
Cisco IOS Documentation
202(3)
Call Admission Control (CAC)
205(18)
CAC Overview
205(1)
CAC Defined
206(1)
CAC Tool Categories
207(2)
Local CAC Tools
208(1)
Measurement-Based CAC Tools
208(1)
Resource-Based CAC Tools
208(1)
CallManager Locations CAC
209(2)
Gatekeeper CAC
211(1)
RSVP
212(6)
Example of VoIP CAC Through RSVP
215(3)
Summary
218(1)
Further Reading
218(5)
General
218(1)
Cisco IOS Documentation
218(5)
Catalyst QoS Tools
223(46)
Generic Catalyst QoS Models
224(7)
Classification, Marking, and Mapping
224(3)
Policing and Markdown
227(1)
Queuing and Dropping
228(3)
Catalyst 2950
231(4)
Catalyst 2950 Classification, Marking, and Mapping
232(2)
Catalyst 2950 Policing and Markdown
234(1)
Catalyst 2950 Queuing
235(1)
Catalyst 3550
235(7)
Catalyst 3550 Classification, Marking, and Mapping
237(1)
Catalyst 3550 Policing and Markdown
238(2)
Catalyst 3550 Queuing and Dropping
240(2)
Catalyst 2970, 3650, and 3750
242(5)
Catalyst 2970/3560/3750 Classification, Marking, and Mapping
243(1)
Catalyst 2970/3560/3750 Policing and Markdown
244(1)
Catalyst 2970/3560/3750 Queuing and Dropping
244(3)
Catalyst 4500
247(5)
Catalyst 4500 Classification, Marking, and Mapping
248(1)
Catalyst 4500 Policing and Markdown
249(1)
Catalyst 4500 Queuing and Dropping
250(2)
Catalyst 6500
252(11)
Catalyst 6500 Classification, Marking, and Mapping
254(3)
Catalyst 6500 Policing and Markdown
257(2)
Catalyst 6500 Queuing and Dropping
259(4)
Summary
263(3)
Further Reading
266(3)
WLAN QoS Tools
269(18)
QoS for Wireless LANs Versus QoS on Wired LANs
270(1)
Upstream Versus Downstream QoS
271(1)
IEEE 802.11 DCF
272(3)
Interframe Spaces
272(1)
Random Backoffs/Contention Windows
273(2)
IEEE 802.11e EDCF
275(4)
QoS Basic Service Set Information Element
278(1)
IEEE 802.1D Classes of Service
279(1)
QoS Operation on Cisco APs
280(1)
Configuring QoS on Cisco APs
281(3)
Summary
284(1)
Further Reading
285(2)
Part III LAN QoS Design
287(158)
Campus QoS Design
289(156)
DoS/Worm-Mitigation Strategies
292(3)
Scavenger-Class QoS Operation
294(1)
Call-Signaling TCP/UDP Ports in Use
295(7)
Access-Edge Trust Models
302(12)
Trusted Endpoint Models
302(2)
Untrusted Endpoint Models
304(3)
Conditionally Trusted Endpoint(s) Models
307(7)
Catalyst 2950 QoS Considerations and Design
314(11)
Catalyst 2950: Trusted Endpoint Model
314(1)
Catalyst 2950: Untrusted PC with SoftPhone Model
315(1)
Catalyst 2950: Untrusted Server Model
315(4)
Catalyst 2950: Conditionally Trusted IP Phone + PC: Basic Model
319(3)
Catalyst 2950: Conditionally Trusted IP Phone + PC: Advanced Model
322(1)
Catalyst 2950: Queuing
322(3)
Catalyst 3550 QoS Considerations and Design
325(17)
Catalyst 3550: Trusted Endpoint Model
327(1)
Catalyst 3550: Untrusted PC with SoftPhone Model
327(3)
Catalyst 3550: Untrusted Server Model
330(1)
Catalyst 3550: Conditionally Trusted IP Phone + PC: Basic Model
331(2)
Catalyst 3550: Conditionally Trusted IP Phone + PC: Advanced Model
333(3)
Catalyst 3550: Queuing and Dropping
336(6)
Catalyst 2970/3560/3750 QoS Considerations and Design
342(15)
Catalyst 2970/3560/3750: Trusted Endpoint Model
343(1)
Catalyst 2970/3560/3750: Untrusted PC with SoftPhone Model
344(1)
Catalyst 2970/3560/3750: Untrusted Server Model
345(1)
Catalyst 2970/3560/3750: Conditionally Trusted IP Phone + PC: Basic Model
346(2)
Catalyst 2970/3560/3750: Conditionally Trusted IP Phone + PC: Advanced Model
348(3)
Catalyst 2970/3560/3750: Queuing and Dropping
351(6)
Catalyst 4500-SupII+/III/IV/V QoS Considerations and Design
357(15)
Catalyst 4500: Trusted Endpoint Model
359(1)
Catalyst 4500: Untrusted PC with SoftPhone Model
359(1)
Catalyst 4500: Untrusted Server Model
360(2)
Catalyst 4500: Conditionally Trusted IP Phone + PC: Basic Model
362(2)
Catalyst 4500: Conditionally Trusted IP Phone + PC: Advanced Model
364(2)
Catalyst 4500: Queuing
366(6)
Catalyst 6500 QoS Considerations and Design
372(48)
Catalyst 6500: CatOS Defaults and Recommendations
375(1)
Catalyst 6500: Trusted Endpoint Model
375(3)
Catalyst 6500: Untrusted PC with SoftPhone Model
378(5)
Catalyst 6500: Untrusted Server Model
383(3)
Catalyst 6500: Conditionally Trusted IP Phone + PC: Basic Model
386(1)
Catalyst 6500: Conditionally Trusted IP Phone + PC: Advanced Model
387(4)
Catalyst 6500: Queuing and Dropping
391(28)
Catalyst 6500: PFC3 Distribution-Layer (Cisco IOS) Per-User Microflow Policing
419(1)
WAN Aggregator/Branch Router Handoff Considerations
420(2)
Case Study: Campus QoS Design
422(18)
Summary
440(1)
Further Reading
441(4)
Part IV WAN QoS Design
445(100)
WAN Aggregator QoS Design
447(66)
Where Is QoS Needed over the WAN?
447(1)
WAN Edge QoS Design Considerations
448(5)
Software QoS
448(1)
Bandwidth Provisioning for Best-Effort Traffic
449(1)
Bandwidth Provisioning for Real-Time Traffic
449(1)
Serialization
450(1)
IP RTP Header Compression
451(1)
Tx-ring Tuning
451(1)
PAK_priority
452(1)
Link Speeds
452(1)
Distributed Platform QoS and Consistent QoS Behavior
453(1)
WAN Edge Classification and Provisioning Models
453(14)
Slow/Medium Link-Speed QoS Class Models
454(5)
High Link Speed QoS Class Models
459(8)
WAN Edge Link-Specific QoS Design
467(38)
Leased Lines
467(11)
Frame Relay
478(10)
ATM
488(9)
ATM-to-Frame Relay Service Interworking
497(4)
ISDN
501(4)
Case Study: WAN Aggregation Router QoS Design
505(2)
Summary
507(1)
Further Reading
508(5)
Branch Router QoS Design
513(32)
Branch WAN Edge QoS Design
514(3)
Unidirectional Applications
514(3)
Branch Router LAN Edge QoS Design
517(18)
DSCP-to-CoS Remapping
518(1)
Branch-to-Campus Classification and Marking
519(7)
NBAR Known-Worm Classification and Policing
526(9)
Case Study: Branch Router QoS Design
535(6)
Summary
541(1)
Further Reading
541(4)
Part V VPN QoS Design
545(156)
MPLS VPN QoS Design
547(88)
Where Is QoS Needed over an MPLS VPN?
548(2)
Customer Edge QoS Design Considerations
550(13)
Layer 2 Access (Link-Specific) QoS Design
550(1)
Service-Provider Service-Level Agreements
551(1)
Enterprise-to-Service Provider Mapping Models
552(11)
Provider-Edge QoS Considerations
563(19)
Service Provider-to-Enterprise Models
563(3)
MPLS DiffServ Tunneling Modes
566(16)
Core QoS Considerations
582(34)
Aggregate Bandwidth Overprovisioning
583(1)
DiffServ in the Backbone
583(4)
MPLS Traffic Engineering
587(29)
Case Study: MPLS VPN QoS Design (CE/PE/P Routers)
616(16)
Summary
632(1)
Further Reading
632(3)
IPSec VPN QoS Design
635(66)
Site-to-Site V3PN QoS Considerations
637(21)
IPSec VPN Modes of Operation
637(3)
Packet Overhead Increases
640(3)
cRTP and IPSec Incompatibility
643(1)
Prefragmentation
644(1)
Bandwidth Provisioning
645(1)
Logical Topologies
646(1)
Delay Budget Increases
647(1)
ToS Byte Preservation
648(1)
QoS Pre-Classify
649(2)
Pre-Encryption Queuing
651(3)
Anti-Replay Implications
654(3)
Control Plane Provisioning
657(1)
Site-to-Site V3PN QoS Designs
658(7)
Headend VPN Edge QoS Options for Site-to-Site V3PNs
665(1)
Teleworker V3PN QoS Considerations
666(16)
Teleworker Deployment Models
667(4)
Broadband-Access Technologies
671(3)
Bandwidth Provisioning
674(3)
Asymmetric Links and Unidirectional QoS
677(1)
Broadband Serialization Mitigation Through TCP Maximum Segment Size Tuning
678(1)
Split Tunneling
679(3)
Teleworker V3PN QoS Designs
682(4)
Case Study: IPSec VPN QoS Design
686(10)
Summary
696(1)
Further Reading
697(4)
Appendix QoS ``At-A-Glance'' Summaries 701(12)
Index 713

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