
Design for Environmental Sustainability
by Vezzoli, Carlo; Manzini, EzioRent Textbook
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Summary
Table of Contents
Frame of Reference | p. 1 |
Sustainability and Discontinuity | p. 3 |
Introduction | p. 3 |
Sustainable Development and Environmental Sustainability | p. 4 |
Preconditions of Environmental Sustainability | p. 6 |
Ten Times More Eco-efficient Production System | p. 6 |
Bio- and Technocycles | p. 8 |
Biocompatibility and Biocycles | p. 9 |
Non-interference and Technocycles | p. 9 |
Industrial Ecology and Dematerialisation | p. 10 |
Transition Scenarios | p. 11 |
Strategy of Efficiency: A Radical Way of Doing Things Better | p. 12 |
Strategy of Sufficiency: A Radical Way of Doing Less | p. 12 |
Compound Strategy | p. 13 |
Products, Contexts and Capacities | p. 15 |
Introduction | p. 15 |
Product-based Well-being | p. 16 |
The World as a Supermarket | p. 16 |
The Paradox of "Light Products" | p. 17 |
Lightness as a Non-sufficient but Necessary Condition | p. 18 |
Access-based Well-being | p. 19 |
The World Is Like a Theme Park | p. 19 |
The Material Ballast of Information | p. 20 |
Service Orientation as a Pre-requisite of Sustainability | p. 21 |
Crisis of Local Common Goods | p. 22 |
The Role of Common Goods | p. 22 |
The Sprawl of Remedial Goods | p. 23 |
Context-based Well-being | p. 24 |
Well-being as a Development of Capacity | p. 25 |
Unsustainable Comfort | p. 25 |
Disabling and Enabling Solutions | p. 26 |
The Forces Behind Changes | p. 27 |
A Social Learning Process | p. 29 |
Introduction | p. 29 |
The Production-Consumption System | p. 29 |
Consumers/Users and Co-producers | p. 30 |
The (Potential) Strength of Consumers | p. 31 |
Critical Consumption | p. 32 |
People as Co-producers | p. 32 |
Active Minorities and Auspicious Cases | p. 33 |
Enterprises and New Forms of Partnership | p. 35 |
Producing Value by Reducing Consumption | p. 35 |
New Methods of Running Business | p. 36 |
Eco-efficient Businesses | p. 37 |
From Product to System Eco-efficiency | p. 38 |
Looking for New Solutions | p. 38 |
Starting from the Results | p. 39 |
Business and Social Innovation | p. 39 |
The Public Sector (and the Rules of the Game) | p. 41 |
Facilitate the Social Process of Learning | p. 41 |
Amplifying the Feedback | p. 42 |
Supporting the Offer of Alternative Solutions | p. 43 |
Promoting Adequate Communication | p. 44 |
Designating Adequate Economical Costs to Natural Resources | p. 45 |
Extended Producer Responsibility | p. 45 |
Designers and Co-designers | p. 46 |
Limits and Opportunities of the Designer's Role | p. 46 |
Operative Fields for Design for Sustainability | p. 47 |
Design for Environmental Sustainability | p. 51 |
Life Cycle Design | p. 53 |
Introduction | p. 53 |
Environmental Requirements of Industrial Products | p. 53 |
Product Life Cycle | p. 55 |
Introduction | p. 55 |
Pre-production | p. 56 |
Production | p. 57 |
DSollribution | p. 58 |
Use | p. 58 |
Disposal | p. 58 |
Additional Life Cycles | p. 59 |
Functional Approach | p. 60 |
Life Cycle Design | p. 61 |
Life Cycle Design Objectives | p. 62 |
Implications of Life Cycle Design | p. 62 |
The Design Approach | p. 63 |
Strategies of Life Cycle Design | p. 64 |
Interrelations Between the Strategies | p. 65 |
Priorities Among the Strategies | p. 66 |
Design for Disposal | p. 69 |
Environmental Priorities and Disposal Costs | p. 69 |
Current State of Life Cycle Design | p. 70 |
Minimising Resource Consumption | p. 73 |
Introduction | p. 73 |
Minimising Material Consumption | p. 74 |
Minimising Material Content | p. 74 |
Minimising Scraps and Discards | p. 79 |
Minimising Packaging | p. 80 |
Minimising Materials Consumption During Usage | p. 84 |
Minimising Materials Consumption During the Product Development Phase | p. 89 |
Minimising Energy Consumption | p. 90 |
Selecting Low Impact Resources and Processes | p. 105 |
Introduction | p. 105 |
Selection of Non-toxic and Harmless Resources | p. 106 |
Select Non-toxic and Harmless Materials | p. 106 |
Selecting Non-toxic and Harmless Energy Resources | p. 112 |
Renewable and Bio-compatible Resources | p. 117 |
Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Materials | p. 118 |
Select Renewable and Bio-compatible Energy Resources | p. 125 |
Product Lifetime Optimisation | p. 131 |
Useful Lifetime | p. 131 |
Why Design Long-lasting Goods? | p. 132 |
Why Design Intensely Utilised Goods? | p. 135 |
Social and Economic Dimensions of Changes | p. 137 |
Optimisation Services | p. 138 |
Guidelines | p. 138 |
Designing for Appropriate Lifespan | p. 139 |
Designing for Reliability | p. 141 |
Facilitating Upgrading and Adaptability | p. 141 |
Facilitating Maintenance | p. 145 |
Facilitating Repairs | p. 148 |
Facilitating Re-use | p. 150 |
Facilitating Re-manufacturing | p. 154 |
Intensifying Use | p. 155 |
Extending the Lifespan of Materials | p. 159 |
Introduction | p. 159 |
Guidelines | p. 165 |
Adopting the Cascade Approach | p. 166 |
Selecting Materials with the Most Efficient Recycling Technologies | p. 168 |
Facilitating End-of-life Collection and Transportation | p. 170 |
Identifying Materials | p. 172 |
Minimising the Overall Number of Different Incompatible Materials | p. 173 |
Facilitating Cleaning | p. 176 |
Facilitating Composting | p. 177 |
Facilitating Combustion | p. 178 |
Facilitating Disassembly | p. 181 |
Introduction | p. 181 |
Guidelines | p. 187 |
Reducing and Facilitating Operations of Disassembly and Separation | p. 188 |
Engaging Reversible Joining Systems | p. 191 |
Engaging Permanent Joining Systems that Can Be Easily Opened | p. 193 |
Co-designing Special Technologies and Features for Crushing Separation | p. 194 |
Using Materials that Are Easily Separable After Being Crushed | p. 196 |
Using Additional Parts that Are Easily Separable After the Crushing of Materials | p. 197 |
System Design for Eco-efficiency | p. 199 |
Economic Restrictions in Traditional Supply and Demand System | p. 199 |
System Innovation for New Interactions Between Socio-economic Actors | p. 202 |
The Supply Model of the Product Service System | p. 203 |
Guidelines | p. 204 |
Services Providing Added Value to the Product's Life Cycle | p. 205 |
Services Providing "Final Results" for Customers | p. 206 |
Services Providing "Enabling Platforms for Customers" | p. 208 |
Strategic System Design for Eco-efficiency | p. 212 |
Methods and Support Tools for Environmental Sustainability Analysis and Design | p. 213 |
Environmental Complexity and Designing Activity | p. 215 |
Introduction | p. 215 |
Methods and Tools for Design for Environmental Sustainability | p. 216 |
Estimating the Environmental Impact of Products: Life Cycle Assessment | p. 219 |
The Environmental Impact of Our Production-Consumption System | p. 219 |
Exhaustion of Natural Resources | p. 220 |
Global Warming | p. 220 |
Ozone Layer Depletion | p. 221 |
Smog | p. 222 |
Acidification | p. 223 |
Eutrophication | p. 223 |
Toxic Air, Soil and Water Pollution | p. 224 |
Waste | p. 225 |
Other Effects | p. 226 |
Quantitative Methods for Estimating and Analysing Product Environmental Impact | p. 226 |
Life Cycle Assessment | p. 227 |
Stages of LCA | p. 228 |
LCA and Design: Importance and Limitations | p. 236 |
Power to Choose: Discriminant Power Versus Scientific Reliability | p. 237 |
Incisive Decisions: First Stages of Development Versus LCA Applicability | p. 238 |
Developing LCA | p. 239 |
Environmentally Sustainable Design-orienting Tools | p. 243 |
Introduction | p. 243 |
Tools Developed for Certain Environmental Goals | p. 243 |
Limitations of Tools that Are Developed for Certain Environmental Goals | p. 245 |
Tools for Product LCD | p. 246 |
Tools for Design for Eco-efficiency | p. 247 |
The Roadmap and the State of the Art | p. 251 |
Evolution of Sustainability in Design Research and Practice | p. 253 |
Introduction | p. 253 |
Evolution of Sustainability in Design | p. 255 |
Low Impact Resources Selection | p. 256 |
Product Life Cycle Design | p. 257 |
System Design for Eco-efficiency | p. 258 |
Design for Social Equity and Cohesion | p. 260 |
State of the Art | p. 262 |
Design Criteria and Guidelines | p. 263 |
Diagrams of Environmental Impacts | p. 273 |
References | p. 283 |
Index | p. 297 |
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