Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365,9780521837569

Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365

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ISBN13: 9780521837569
ISBN10: 0521837561
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2005-04-25
Publisher(s): Cambridge University Press
List Price: $126.00

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Summary

The Cumans and the Tatars were nomadic warriors of the Eurasian steppe who exerted an enduring impact on the medieval Balkans. With this work, István Vásáry presents the first extensive examination of their history from 1186 to the 1360s. The basic instrument of Cuman and Tatar political success was military force, which none of the warring Balkan factions could resist. As a consequence, groups of the Cumans and the Tatars settled and mingled with the local population in various regions of the Balkans. The Cumans were the founders of three successive Bulgarian dynasties (Asenids, Terterids, and Shishmanids), and the Wallachian dynasty (Basarabids). They also played an active role in Byzantium, Hungary, and Serbia with Cuman immigrants being integrated into each country's elite. This book also explores how the prevailing political anarchy of the Balkans in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries made it ripe for the Ottoman conquest.

Table of Contents

Preface xi
Introduction
1(12)
Remarks on the sources
1(3)
Cumans and Tatars
4(9)
Cumans and the Second Bulgarian Empire
13(44)
The antecedents and outbreak of the liberation movement
13(4)
Bulgars, Vlakhs and Cumans before 1185
17(5)
Ethnic names and ethnic realities in the sources of the Second Bulgarian Empire
22(5)
Bulgaria, Vlakhia and Cumania in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries
27(6)
Origins and possible Cuman affiliations of the Asen dynasty
33(9)
Peter and Asen versus Isaakios and Alexios Angeloi: the first phase of the Cumano-Vlakho-Bulgarian league's fight against Byzantium, 1186--1197
42(5)
Kaloyan and his Cumans against Byzantium and the Latins
47(7)
The Cumans' role in the restoration of Bulgaria
54(3)
Cumans in the Balkans before the Tatar conquest, 1241
57(12)
Cumans during the reign of Boril, 1207--1218
57(4)
Cumans during the reign of Ivan Asen II until 1237
61(2)
Two waves of Cuman immigration to Bulgaria and the Latin Empire, 1237, 1241
63(4)
Cumans in the service of John Batatzes and Theodoros II, 1241--1256
67(2)
The first period of Tatar influence in the Balkans, 1242--1282
69(17)
The Tatar conquest in the Balkans
69(2)
Prince Nogay
71(1)
The Tatars release 'Izzaddin in Thrace, 1264
72(7)
Nogay's marriage to a Byzantine princess, 1272
79(1)
The Tatars' role in the struggle for the Bulgarian throne, 1277--1280
79(5)
Tatars invited to punish Sebastokrator Ioannes of Thessaly, 1282
84(2)
The heyday of Tatar influence in the Balkans, 1280--1301
86(13)
George Terter I (1280--1292) and Nogay
86(2)
Nogay's ulus becomes independent
88(3)
Ceke's emergence as khan
91(3)
Ceke and Teodor Svetoslav in Bulgaria
94(3)
The final disappearance of the Nogayids
97(2)
Cumans and Tatars on the Serbian scene
99(15)
Cumans at Gacko, 1276
99(1)
Cumans in Zica
100(1)
Tatars at the Drim, 1282
101(1)
Cumans and Tatars in the battles at Branicevo, 1284
102(5)
Sisman's Tatars against the Serbs in Vidin, 1290--1300
107(1)
Stefan Uros as a Tatar hostage
108(1)
Tatar and Yas troops on Mount Athos, 1307--1311
108(2)
Tatar and Yas troops in Milutin's service, 1311--1314
110(1)
Tatars and Yas in the battle of Velbuzd, 1330
110(4)
Cumans in Byzantine service after the Tatar conquest, 1242--1333
114(8)
The Cumans in the wars of Theodoros II, Michael VIII and Andronikos II
114(4)
The Cumans in the struggles for the throne of the two emperors Andronikos, 1320--1328
118(2)
A Byzantine adventurer of Cuman extraction: Syrgiannes
120(2)
The Tatars fade away from Bulgaria and Byzantium, 1320--1354
122(12)
Tatar raids, 1320--1321
122(1)
Tatar incursions of 1323 and a new half-Cuman Bulgarian tsar
123(5)
The Tatars in the Bulgarian and Byzantine events of 1328--1333
128(3)
The last appearances of the Tatars in Byzantium, 1337, 1341
131(3)
The emergence of two Romanian principalities in Cumania, 1330, 1364
134(32)
Cumans and Tatars in Romanian history
134(3)
From Cumania via Tartaria to Wallachia and Moldavia
137(6)
Cumania and Severin after 1242
143(6)
Basarab and the emergence of Wallachia, 1330
149(6)
Moldavia casts aside Tatar and Hungarian tutelage, 1359--1364
155(5)
Tatar contol over the towns of the Danube and Dniester delta
160(6)
Conclusion
166(2)
Appendix 1: List of geographical names
168(3)
Appendix 2: Chronological table of dynasties
171(1)
Appendix 3: Maps
172(4)
1 The Balkans and adjacent territories
172(1)
2 The northwestern Balkanic lands
173(1)
3 The northeastern Balkanic lands
174(1)
4 The central and southern Balkanic lands
175(1)
List of abbreviations 176(21)
Bibliography 197(20)
Index 217

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