| Preface |
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ix | |
| PART I Introduction to Ethics |
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1 | (38) |
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Ethical Theory and Bioethics |
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1 | (38) |
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1 | (11) |
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1 | (3) |
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Moral Dilemmas and Disagreements |
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4 | (3) |
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The Problem of Relativism |
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7 | (3) |
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The Acceptability of Moral Diversity and Moral Disagreement |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (9) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (2) |
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Contemporary Challenges to Traditional Theories |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (7) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (3) |
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28 | (11) |
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Ethics and Public Affairs |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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Law, Authority, and Autonomy |
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31 | (8) |
| PART II Justice and Autonomy in Health Care |
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39 | (140) |
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Justice in Access to Health Care |
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39 | (70) |
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39 | (7) |
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Just Health Care and the Right to Health Care |
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46 | (26) |
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``Is There a Right to Health Care and, If So, What Does It Encompass?'' |
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46 | (7) |
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``Justice, the Basic Social Contract, and Health Care'' |
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53 | (6) |
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``The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care'' |
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59 | (5) |
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``Rights to Health Care, Social Justice, and Fairness in Health Care Allocations'' |
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64 | (8) |
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H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. |
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Managed Care and Access to Care |
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72 | (18) |
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``Securing Health or Just Health Care? The Effect of the Health Care System on the Health of America'' |
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72 | (7) |
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``Managed Care: How Economic Incentive Reforms Went Wrong'' |
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79 | (4) |
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``Managed Care: Rationing without Justice, But Not Unjustly'' |
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83 | (7) |
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90 | (19) |
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`` `Rationing' Health Care: Not All Definitions Are Created Equal'' |
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90 | (5) |
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``Rationing Fairly: Programmatic Considerations'' |
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95 | (5) |
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``Just Caring: Oregon, Health Care Rationing, and Informed Democratic Deliberation |
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100 | (9) |
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Autonomy Rights and Medical Information |
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109 | (70) |
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109 | (7) |
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The Confidentiality of Medical Information |
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116 | (12) |
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``Confidentiality in Medicine-A Decrepit Concept'' |
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116 | (3) |
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California Supreme Court, Tarasoff .v Regents of the University of California |
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119 | (5) |
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``AIDS, Confidentiality, and The Right to Know'' |
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124 | (4) |
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Truth Telling and Disclosing Bad News |
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128 | (11) |
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``Telling the Truth to Patients: A Clinical Ethics Exploration'' |
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128 | (5) |
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``Disclosure of a Diagnosis to Children and Adolescents When Parents Object'' |
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133 | (6) |
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139 | (17) |
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United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit, Canterbury v. Spence |
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139 | (2) |
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``Physicians and Patients: A History of Silence'' |
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141 | (4) |
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``The Concept of Informed Consent'' |
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145 | (5) |
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``Informed Consent: Some Challenges to the Universal Validity of the Western Model'' |
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150 | (6) |
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156 | (8) |
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California Court of Appeals, Second District, Bouvia v. Superior Court |
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156 | (3) |
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United States Supreme Court, Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health |
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159 | (5) |
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164 | (15) |
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``Advance Care Planning as a Process: Structuring the Discussions in Practice'' |
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164 | (7) |
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``Advance Directives: The Next Generation'' |
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171 | (8) |
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| PART III Life and Death |
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179 | (166) |
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End-of-Life Decisionmaking |
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179 | (84) |
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179 | (7) |
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186 | (15) |
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``A Right to Choose Death?'' |
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186 | (5) |
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``Is There a Right to Die?'' |
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191 | (10) |
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The Legal Background in the United States |
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201 | (15) |
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The Oregon Death with Dignity Act |
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201 | (6) |
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United States Supreme Court, Vacco v. Quill and Washington v. Glucksberg |
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207 | (5) |
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The Supreme Court of California, Wendland v. Wendland |
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212 | (4) |
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The Moral Foundations of Public Policy on Physician-Assisted Death |
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216 | (19) |
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``Voluntary Active Euthanasia'' |
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216 | (9) |
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``Physician-Assisted Suicide: A Tragic View'' |
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225 | (10) |
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Public Policy in the Netherlands on Physician-Assisted Death |
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235 | (9) |
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``Voluntary Euthanasia under Control? Further Empirical Evidence from the Netherlands'' |
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235 | (6) |
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``Slippery Slopes in Flat Countries-A Response'' |
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241 | (3) |
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Johannes J. M. van Delden |
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Palliation and Other Alternatives to Physician-Assisted Death |
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244 | (8) |
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``An Alternative to Physician-Assisted Suicide'' |
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244 | (8) |
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Palliative Options of Last Resort |
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252 | (11) |
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``A Comparison of Voluntarily Stopping Eating and Drinking, Terminal Sedation, Physician-Assisted Suicide, and Voluntary Active Euthanasia'' |
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252 | (11) |
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Abortion and Maternal-Fetal Relations |
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263 | (82) |
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263 | (7) |
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The Problem of Justifying Abortion |
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270 | (38) |
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``Why Abortion is Immoral'' |
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270 | (8) |
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``A Defense of Abortion'' |
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278 | (10) |
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``The Morality of Abortion'' |
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288 | (10) |
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``On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion'' |
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298 | (10) |
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308 | (14) |
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United States Supreme Court, Roe v. Wade |
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308 | (4) |
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United States Supreme Court, Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Robert P. Casey, et al., etc. |
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312 | (6) |
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United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit, Carhart v. Stenberg |
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318 | (4) |
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Maternal-Fetal Relationships and Rights |
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322 | (23) |
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United-States Supreme Court, Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc. |
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322 | (2) |
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District of Columbia Court of Appeals, In Re A.C. |
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324 | (6) |
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330 | (4) |
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``Moral and Social Issues Regarding Pregnant Women Who Use and Abuse Drugs'' |
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334 | (11) |
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| PART IV Biomedical Research and Technology |
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345 | (320) |
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Research Involving Human and Animal Subjects |
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345 | (106) |
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345 | (9) |
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354 | (17) |
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354 | (1) |
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World Medical Association, ``Declaration of Helsinki'' and ``Note of Clarification'' |
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355 | (3) |
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Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, in Collaboration with the World Health Organization, ``International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects'' |
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358 | (5) |
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Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, ``International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals'' |
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363 | (2) |
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``Research Ethics: International Perspectives'' |
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365 | (6) |
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Ethical Issues in Human Research |
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371 | (23) |
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National Bioethics Advisory Commission, ``Protecting Research Participants-A Time for Change'' |
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371 | (8) |
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``The Ethics of Placebo-Controlled Trials-A Middle Ground'' |
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379 | (6) |
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``Ethical Issues in the Design and Conduct of Clinical Trials in Developing Countries'' |
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385 | (5) |
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``Justice and Medical Research: A Global Perspective'' |
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390 | (4) |
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Past Abuses of Human Research Subjects |
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394 | (24) |
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394 | (8) |
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``In Apology for the Study Done in Tuskegee |
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402 | (2) |
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404 | (9) |
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Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, ``Final Report'' |
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413 | (5) |
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Ethical Issues in Animal Research |
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418 | (33) |
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``The Ethics of Animal Research: What Are the Prospects for Agreement?'' |
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418 | (8) |
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``Defending Animal Research: An International Perspective'' |
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426 | (11) |
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``Formulation of Ethical Standards for the Use of Animals in Medical Research'' |
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437 | (5) |
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``Animal Research: The Need for a Middle Ground'' |
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442 | (9) |
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Eugenics and Human Genetics |
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451 | (112) |
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451 | (1) |
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Eugenics Programs in the Twentieth Century |
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451 | (22) |
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``Eugenics and Human Rights'' |
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457 | (3) |
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United States Supreme Court, Buck v. Bell |
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460 | (2) |
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``Carrie Buck's Daughter'' |
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462 | (5) |
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``Eugenics: Some Lessons from the Nazi Experience'' |
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467 | (6) |
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473 | (27) |
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``Implications of the Human Genome Project for Medical Science'' |
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473 | (6) |
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479 | (6) |
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``From Chance to Choice: Genetics and Justice'' |
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485 | (11) |
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``The Human Genome and Our View of Ourselves'' |
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496 | (4) |
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Genetic Testing and Screening |
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500 | (34) |
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``Protecting Genetic Privacy'' |
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500 | (7) |
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``Beyond Consent: Ethical and Social Issues in Genetic Testing'' |
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507 | (6) |
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``Ethical Issues in Genetic Testing of Children'' |
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513 | (9) |
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Human Gene Transfer Research |
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522 | (1) |
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``Principles for Human Gene Therapy Studies'' |
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522 | (4) |
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``Gene Therapy: Trials and Tribulations'' |
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526 | (5) |
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``Harm, Ethics Committees and the Gene Therapy Death'' |
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531 | (3) |
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534 | (29) |
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``Questions about Some Uses of Genetic Engineering'' |
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534 | (10) |
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``Genetic Enhancement in Humans'' |
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544 | (4) |
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``The Goodness of Fragility: On the Prospect of Genetic Technologies Aimed at the Enhancement of Human Capabilities'' |
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548 | (15) |
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Reproductive Technologies and Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research |
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563 | (102) |
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563 | (6) |
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569 | (24) |
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``IVF, Infertility, and the Status of Embryos'' |
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569 | (11) |
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``Feminist Ethics and In Vitro Fertilization'' |
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580 | (9) |
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ISLAT Working Group, ``ART into Science: Regulation of Fertility Techniques'' |
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589 | (4) |
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593 | (25) |
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``Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of the Ethical Issues Pro and Con'' |
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593 | (10) |
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``The Wisdom of Repugnance'' |
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603 | (15) |
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618 | (18) |
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National Bioethics Advisory Commission |
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618 | (3) |
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``Human Reproductive Cloning: A Look at the Arguments Against It and a Rejection of Most of Them'' |
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621 | (12) |
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National Research Council, ``Scientific and Medical Aspects of Human Reproductive Cloning'' |
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633 | (3) |
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Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research |
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636 | (29) |
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National Bioethics Advisory Commission, ``Ethical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research'' |
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636 | (10) |
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``The Ethics and Politics of Small Sacrifices in Stem Cell Research'' |
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646 | (3) |
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``The Point of a Ban: Or, How to Think about Stem Cell Research'' |
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649 | (7) |
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National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, ``Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine'' |
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656 | (2) |
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National Research Council, ``Using Nuclear Transplantation to Produce Embryonic Stem Cells'' |
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658 | (7) |
| PART V Public Health |
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665 | |
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The Global Aids Epidemic and the Threat of Bioterrorism |
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665 | |
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665 | |
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671 | |
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``The AIDS Epidemic: Considerations for the 21st Century'' |
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671 | |
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UNAIDS/WHO, ``AIDS Epidemic Update'' |
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677 | |
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``Reducing Heterosexual Transmission of HIV in Poor Countries'' |
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685 | |
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``HIV Infection and AIDS in the Public Health and Health Care Systems'' |
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691 | |
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Aids, Justice, and Public Health |
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700 | |
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``AIDS and Global Justice'' |
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700 | |
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702 | |
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``Africa in the 21st Century: Can Despair Be Turned to Hope?'' |
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704 | |
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The Duty to Warn and the Duty Not to Harm |
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708 | |
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``Is There an Ethics of Heterosexual AIDS?'' |
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708 | |
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``Ignorance Is Bliss? HIV and Moral Duties and Legal Duties to Forewarn'' |
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716 | |
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``Women Living with HIV: Disclosure, Violence, and Social Support'' |
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724 | |
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Testing and Screening Programs |
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731 | |
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Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, ``Reducing the Odds: Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV in the United States'' |
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731 | |
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``Ethical Issues in Early Detection HIV Infection to Reduce Vertical Transmission'' |
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734 | |
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``Early Detection of HIV: Assessing the Legislative Context'' |
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742 | |
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750 | |
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``Ethical Issues in International Vaccine Trials'' |
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750 | |
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``The Search for an HIV Vaccine'' |
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757 | |
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Malegapuru William Makgoba |
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The Threat of Bioterrorism |
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761 | |
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``The Looming Threat of Bioterrorism,'' |
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761 | |
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``Preparedness and Response to Bioterrorism'' |
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768 | |
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``Large-Scale Quarantine Following Biological Terrorism in the United States: Scientific Examination, Logistic and Legal Limits, and Possible Consequences'' |
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775 | |
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``Law and Ethics in a Public Health Emergency'' |
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784 | |
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``Bioterrorism, Public Health, and Civil Liberties'' |
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788 | |
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Other versions by this Author