The Charter of the United Nations

Bruno Simma, Judge, Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, the Hague,Daniel-Erasmus Khan, Professor of Public Law, European Law, and International Law, University of the Bundeswehr Munich,Georg Nolte, Judge, International Court of Justice, the Hague,Andreas Paulus, Professor of Public and International Law, Georg August University Goettingen

Bruno Simma is a Judge at the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal in The Hague. He was formerly Judge at the International Court of Justice (2003-2012) and Professor of International Law and European Community Law and Director of the Institute of International Law at the University of Munich and Professor of Law at the University of Michigan.


Daniel-Erasmus Khan is Professor of Public Law, European Law, and International Law at the University of the Bundeswehr in Munich.


Georg Nolte is a Judge at the International Court of Justice, The Hague. From 2008 to 2021 he taught as Professor of Public Law and International Law at Humboldt University Berlin

Andreas Paulus is Professor of Public and International Law at the University of Goettingen. From 2010 to 2022, he was serving as Justice of Germany's Federal Constitutional Court.


Donald Riznik is Associate Professor at the Institute of Public Law, European Law & Public International Law at the University of the Bundeswehr Munich.

1. Drafting History, Daniel-Erasmus Khan2. Reform, Thilo Rensmann3. Interpretation of the Charter, Stefan Kadelbach4. Preamble, Daniel-Erasmus Khan5. Art. 1, Thomas Kleinlein6. Article 2, Andreas Paulus7. Art. 2 (1), Bardo Fassbender8. Art. 2 (2), Robert Kolb9. Art. 2 (3), Christian Tomuschat10. Art. 2 (4), Christian Tams11. Art. 2 (5), Helmut Philipp Aust12. Art. 2 (6), Stefan Talmon13. Art 2. (7), Georg Nolte14. Self-Determination, Stefan Oeter15. Art. 3, Ulrich Fastenrath and Donald Riznik16. Art. 4, Ulrich Fastenrath and Donald Riznik17. Art. 5, Christian Tams18. Art. 6, Christian Tams19. Art. 7, Matthias Lippold20. Art. 8, Monika Polzin21. Art. 9, Siegried Magiera22. Art. 10, Stefanie Schmahl23. Art. 11, Stefanie Schmahl24. Art. 12, Stefanie Schmahl25. Art. 13, Johannes Tropper and August Reinisch26. Art. 14, Pierre Thielbörger27. Art. 15, Philip Bittner and Helmut Tichy28. Art. 16, Matthias Goldmann29. Art. 17, Hans-Christian Mangelsdorf30. Art. 18, Silja Vöneky31. Art. 19, Mehrdad Payandeh32. Art. 20, Christophe Eick33. Art. 21, Tomoko Iwata and Keiichiro Okimoto34. Art. 22, Daniel-Erasmus Khan and Lando Kirchmair35. Art. 23, Andreas von Arnauld36. Art. 24, Anne Peters37. Art. 25, Anne Peters38. Art. 26, Nikolaus Koch and Hans-Joachim Schuetz39. Art. 27, Andreas Zimmermann40. Art. 28, Konrad Buehler41. Art. 29, Matthias Lippold and Andreas Paulus42. Art. 30, Alejandro Rodiles43. Art. 31, Charlotte Kreuter-Kirchhof44. Art. 32, Charlotte Kreuter-Kirchhof45. Art. 33, Christian Tomuschat46. Art. 34, Kirsten Schmalenbach47. Art. 35, Kirsten Schmalenbach48. Art. 36, Thomas Giegerich49. Art. 37, Thomas Giegerich50. Art. 38, Thomas Giegerich51. Peacekeeping, Michael Bothe52. Responsibility to Protect, Mindiia Vashakmadze53. Introduction to Chapter VII, Erika de Wet54. Art. 39, Erika de Wet55. Art. 40, Erika de Wet56. Art. 41, Erika de Wet57. Art. 42, Erika de Wet58. Art. 43, Erika de Wet59. Art 44, August Reinish and Gregor Novak60. Art. 45, August Reinish and Gregor Novak61. Art. 46, August Reinish and Gregor Novak62. Art. 47, August Reinish and Gregor Novak63. Art. 48, August Reinish and Gregor Novak64. Art. 49, August Reinish and Gregor Novak65. Art. 50, August Reinish and Gregor Novak66. Art. 51, Helmut Philipp Aust67. Introduction to Chapter VIII, Christian Walter68. Art. 52, Christian Walter69. Art. 53 (without Enemy State Clause), Christian Walter70. Art. 53 (Enemy State Clause), Irene Couzigou71. Art. 54, Christian Walter72. Art. 55 (a) and (b), Tobias Stoll73. Art. 55 (c) (without HR Council), Eva Frenz and Dirk Hanschel74. Human Rights Council, Angelika Nussberger and Julia Miklasová75. Climate Change, Lavanya Rajamani76. Art. 56, Tobias Stoll77. Art. 57, Michael Waibel78. Art. 58, Michael Waibel and Nicola Nesi79. Art. 59, Michael Waibel and Nicola Nesi80. Art. 60, Michael Waibel and Nicola Nesi81. Art. 61, Volker Röben82. Art. 62, Volker Röben83. Art. 63, Markus Krajewski and Shuvra Dey84. Art. 64, Romy Klimke and Christian Tietje85. Art. 65, Romy Klimke and Christian Tietje86. Art. 66, Romy Klimke and Christian Tietje87. Art. 67, Volker Röben88. Art. 68, Christina Binder and Jane Hofbauer89. Art. 69, Eleni Chaitidou and Oliver Landwehr90. Art. 70, Eleni Chaitidou and Oliver Landwehr91. Art. 71, Stephan Hobe92. Art. 72, Tomoko Iwata and Keiichiro Okimoto93. Art. 73, Ulrich Fastenrath94. Art. 74, Ulrich Fastenrath95. Art. 75, Matthias Goldmann96. Art. 76, Matthias Goldmann97. Art. 77, Matthias Goldmann98. Art. 78, Matthias Goldmann99. Art. 79, Matthias Goldmann100. Art. 80, Matthias Goldmann101. Art. 81, Matthias Goldmann102. Art. 82, Matthias Goldmann103. Art. 83, Matthias Goldmann104. Art. 84, Matthias Goldmann105. Art. 85, Matthias Goldmann106. Art. 86, Matthias Goldmann107. Art. 87, Matthias Goldmann108. Art. 88, Matthias Goldmann109. Art. 89, Matthias Goldmann110. Art. 90, Matthias Goldmann111. Art. 91, Matthias Goldmann112. Art. 92, Pierre D'Argent113. Art. 93, Pierre D'Argent114. Art. 94, Pierre D'Argent115. Art. 95, Dirk Pulkowski116. Art. 96, Evelyne Lagrange117. Art. 97, Simon Chesterman118. Art. 98, Simon Chesterman119. Art. 99, Simon Chesterman120. Art. 100, Christian Ebner and Alexander Marschik121. Art. 101, Christian Rhode122. Art. 102, Ernst Martens123. Art. 103, Johann Ruben Leiss and Andreas Paulus124. Art. 104, Andreas R. Ziegler125. Art. 105, Andreas R. Ziegler126. Art. 106, Irene Couzigou127. Art. 107, Irene Couzigou128. Art. 108, Silja Vöneky129. Art. 109, Silja Vöneky130. Art. 110, Christoph Vedder131. Art. 111, Markus Kotzur