Case Studies in Pharmacy Ethics
by Veatch, Robert; Haddad, AmyEdition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2008-03-26
Publisher(s): Oxford University Press
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Summary
Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC. Focuses on ethical choices faced by pharmacists. Presents a new model for analyzing cases and ethics of new drug distribution systems, such as hospitals, where formularies limit drug choices on basis of cost and efficacy, and Internet-based pharmacies. Previous edition: c1999. Softcover. DNLM: Ethics, Pharmacy.
Table of Contents
| List of Cases | p. xv |
| Introduction: Four Questions of Ethics | p. 3 |
| What Are the Source, Meaning, and Justification of Ethical Claims? | p. 4 |
| Distinguish Between Evaluative Statements and Statements Presenting Nonevaluative Facts | p. 4 |
| Distinguish Between Moral and Nonmoral Evaluations | p. 5 |
| Determine Who Ought to Decide | p. 7 |
| What Kinds of Acts Are Right? | p. 9 |
| Consequentialism | p. 9 |
| Deontological or "Duty-Based" Ethics | p. 10 |
| Other Issues of Normative Ethics | p. 12 |
| How Do Rules Apply to Specific Situations? | p. 13 |
| What Ought to Be Done in Specific Cases? | p. 15 |
| Notes | p. 17 |
| Ethics and Values in Pharmacy | |
| A Model for Ethical Problem Solving | p. 21 |
| The Five-Step Model | p. 21 |
| Application of the Model | p. 22 |
| Respond to the Sense That Something Is Wrong | p. 23 |
| Gather Information | p. 24 |
| Identify the Ethical Problem/Moral Diagnosis | p. 25 |
| Seek a Resolution | p. 26 |
| Work with Others to Choose a Course of Action | p. 27 |
| Notes | p. 28 |
| Values in Health and Illness | p. 29 |
| Identifying Value Judgments in Pharmacy | p. 30 |
| Separating Ethical and Other Evaluations | p. 35 |
| What Is the Source of Moral Judgments? | p. 41 |
| Grounding Ethics in the Professional Code | p. 42 |
| Grounding Ethics in the Physician's Orders | p. 46 |
| Grounding Ethics in Hospital Policy | p. 49 |
| Grounding Ethics in the Patient's Values | p. 51 |
| Grounding Ethics in Religious or Philosophical Perspectives | p. 52 |
| Notes | p. 54 |
| Ethical Principles in Pharmacy Ethics | |
| Benefiting the Patient and Others: The Duty to Do Good and Avoid Harm | p. 57 |
| Benefiting the Patient | p. 58 |
| Health in Conflict with Other Goods | p. 58 |
| Relating Benefits and Harms | p. 61 |
| Benefits of Rules and Benefits in Specific Cases | p. 63 |
| Benefiting Society and Individuals Who Are Not Patients | p. 65 |
| Benefits to Society | p. 65 |
| Benefits to Specific Nonpatients | p. 68 |
| Benefits to the Profession | p. 69 |
| Benefits to the Pharmacist and the Pharmacist's Family | p. 71 |
| Notes | p. 72 |
| Justice: The Allocation of Health Resources | p. 73 |
| Justice Among Patients | p. 74 |
| Justice Between Patients and Others | p. 77 |
| Justice in Public Policy | p. 79 |
| Justice and Other Ethical Principles | p. 83 |
| Notes | p. 85 |
| Autonomy | p. 86 |
| Determining Whether a Patient Is Autonomous | p. 89 |
| External Constraints on Autonomy | p. 93 |
| Overriding the Choices of Autonomous Persons | p. 95 |
| Notes | p. 100 |
| Veracity: Dealing Honestly with Patients | p. 102 |
| The Condition of Doubt | p. 104 |
| Lying in Order to Benefit | p. 106 |
| Protecting the Patient by Lying | p. 106 |
| Protecting the Welfare of Others | p. 108 |
| Special Cases of Truth Telling | p. 111 |
| Patients Who Don't Want to Be Told | p. 111 |
| Family Members Who Insist That the Patient Not Be Told | p. 113 |
| The Right of Access to Medical Records | p. 114 |
| Notes | p. 116 |
| Fidelity: Promise-Keeping and Confidentiality | p. 118 |
| The Ethics of Promises: Explicit and Implicit | p. 119 |
| The Limits on the Promise of Confidentiality | p. 122 |
| Breaking Confidence to Benefit the Patient | p. 123 |
| Breaking Confidence to Benefit Others | p. 126 |
| Incompetent, Impaired, and Dishonest Colleagues | p. 128 |
| Notes | p. 133 |
| Avoidance of Killing | p. 134 |
| Active Killing Versus Letting One Die | p. 137 |
| Withholding Versus Withdrawing Treatment | p. 142 |
| Direct Versus Indirect Killing | p. 144 |
| Justifiable Omissions | p. 148 |
| Voluntary and Involuntary Killing | p. 150 |
| Killing as Punishment | p. 152 |
| Notes | p. 155 |
| Special Problem Areas | |
| Abortion, Sterilization, and Contraception | p. 159 |
| Abortion | p. 159 |
| Abortion for Medical Problems of the Fetus | p. 161 |
| Abortion Following Sexual Assault | p. 164 |
| Abortion to Save the Life of the Pregnant Woman | p. 167 |
| Abortion and the Mentally Incapacitated Woman | p. 169 |
| Abortion for Socioeconomic Reasons | p. 171 |
| Sterilization | p. 172 |
| Contraception | p. 174 |
| Notes | p. 179 |
| Genetics, Birth, and the Biological Revolution | p. 181 |
| Genetic Counseling | p. 183 |
| Genetic Screening | p. 187 |
| In Vitro Fertilization | p. 189 |
| Surrogate Motherhood | p. 192 |
| Genetic Engineering | p. 194 |
| Notes | p. 196 |
| Mental Health and Behavior Control | p. 199 |
| The Concept of Mental Health | p. 200 |
| Mental Illness and Autonomous Behavior | p. 203 |
| Mental Illness and Third-Party Interests | p. 207 |
| Other Behavior-Controlling Therapies | p. 209 |
| Notes | p. 213 |
| Formularies and Drug Distribution Systems | p. 215 |
| Formularies | p. 216 |
| Eliminating Unproven Therapies | p. 217 |
| Eliminating Proven but Marginally Beneficial Therapies | p. 220 |
| Eliminating Proven but Cost-Ineffective Therapies | p. 222 |
| Appeals to Override Formularies | p. 224 |
| Physician Behavior with Drug Company Influence | p. 226 |
| Drug Distribution Systems | p. 229 |
| Mail-Order Pharmacies | p. 229 |
| Drugs from Canada | p. 231 |
| Notes | p. 234 |
| Experimentation on Human Subjects | p. 236 |
| Calculating Risks and Benefits | p. 239 |
| Privacy and Confidentiality | p. 242 |
| Equity in Research | p. 245 |
| Conflicts of Interest in Research | p. 248 |
| Informed Consent in Research | p. 250 |
| Notes | p. 253 |
| Consent and the Right to Refuse Treatment | p. 255 |
| The Elements of a Consent | p. 256 |
| The Standards for Consent | p. 259 |
| Comprehension and Voluntariness | p. 263 |
| Notes | p. 272 |
| Death and Dying | p. 274 |
| The Definition of Death | p. 275 |
| Competent and Formerly Competent Patients | p. 278 |
| Never-Competent Patients | p. 281 |
| Limits Based on Interests of Others | p. 285 |
| Notes | p. 289 |
| Appendix | p. 293 |
| The Hippocratic Oath | p. 293 |
| Code of Ethics for Pharmacists | p. 294 |
| Index | p. 297 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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