Introduction The Historical Background of Periodontology |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (5) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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United States and Other Countries |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (3) |
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PART 1 EVIDENCE-BASED DECISION MAKING |
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11 | (34) |
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Introduction to Evidence-Based Decision Making |
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12 | (10) |
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Background and Definition |
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12 | (1) |
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Principles of Evidence-Based Decision Making |
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13 | (1) |
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Evidence-Based versus Traditional Decision Making |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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Need for Evidence-Based Decision Making |
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13 | (1) |
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Variations in Practice Patterns |
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13 | (1) |
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Assimilating Evidence into Practice |
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14 | (1) |
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Evidence-Based Decision-Making Process and Skills |
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14 | (6) |
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Asking Good Questions: the PICO Process |
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14 | (1) |
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Searching for and Acquiring the Evidence |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (14) |
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Twelve Tools for Assessing Evidence |
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22 | (10) |
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22 | (1) |
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Don't Trust Biologic Plausibility |
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23 | (1) |
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What Level of Controlled Evidence Is Available? |
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23 | (1) |
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Did the Cause Precede the Effect? |
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24 | (1) |
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No Betting on the Horse after the Race Is Over |
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25 | (1) |
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What Is a Clinically Relevant Pretrial Hypothesis? |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (3) |
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Is There ``Even One Different Explanation That Works as Well or Better''? |
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29 | (1) |
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Was the Study Properly Randomized? |
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30 | (1) |
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When to Rely on Nonrandomized Evidence? |
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30 | (1) |
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Placebo Effects: Real or Sham? |
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31 | (1) |
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Was There Protection against Conflict of Interest? |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (4) |
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Implementing Evidence-Based Decisions in Clinical Practice |
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36 | (9) |
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Variation in Clinical Decisions |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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Incorporating Evidence into Practice |
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37 | (1) |
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Linking Outcomes with Diagnosis and Treatment |
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38 | (2) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Implementing Evidence-Based Decisions |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (3) |
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PART 2 THE NORMAL PERIODONTIUM |
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45 | (54) |
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46 | (22) |
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46 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (13) |
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48 | (9) |
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Gingival Connective Tissue |
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57 | (4) |
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Correlation of Clinical and Microscopic Features |
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61 | (7) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (5) |
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The Tooth-Supporting Structures |
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68 | (25) |
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68 | (7) |
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68 | (3) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Functions of the Periodontal Ligament |
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72 | (3) |
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75 | (4) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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Cementum Resorption and Repair |
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77 | (2) |
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Exposure of Cementum to Oral Environment |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (6) |
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Cells and Intercellular Matrix |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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Fenestration and Dehiscence |
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84 | (1) |
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Remodeling of Alveolar Bone |
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85 | (1) |
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Development of the Attachment Apparatus |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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Physiologic Migration of the Teeth |
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86 | (1) |
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External Forces and the Periodontium |
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86 | (2) |
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Vascularization of the Supporting Structures |
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88 | (5) |
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Aging and the Periodontium |
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93 | (6) |
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Effects of Aging on the Periodontium |
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93 | (3) |
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93 | (2) |
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Gingival Connective Tissue |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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Effects of Aging on Progression of Periodontal Disease |
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96 | (1) |
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Aging and Response to Treatment of the Periodontium |
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97 | (2) |
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PART 3 CLASSIFICATION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES |
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99 | (34) |
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Classification of Diseases and Conditions Affecting the Periodontium |
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100 | (10) |
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100 | (3) |
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Dental Plaque--Induced Gingival Diseases |
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100 | (3) |
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Non--Plaque-Induced Gingival Lesions |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (3) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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Periodontitis as a Manifestation of Systemic Diseases |
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105 | (1) |
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Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases |
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106 | (1) |
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Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis |
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107 | (1) |
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Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis |
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107 | (1) |
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Abscesses of the Periodontium |
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107 | (1) |
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Periodontitis Associated with Endodontic Lesions |
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107 | (1) |
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Endodontic--Periodontal Lesions |
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107 | (1) |
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Periodontal--Endodontic Lesions |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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Developmental or Acquired Deformities and Conditions |
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107 | (3) |
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Localized Tooth-Related Factors That Modify or Predispose to Plaque-Induced Gingival Diseases or Periodontitis |
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107 | (1) |
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Mucogingival Deformities and Conditions around Teeth |
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108 | (1) |
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Mucogingival Deformities and Conditions on Edentulous Ridges |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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Epidemiology of Gingival and Periodontal Diseases |
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110 | (23) |
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111 | (1) |
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Epidemiologic Measures of Disease |
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111 | (1) |
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Epidemiologic Study Designs |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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Normal versus Abnormal; Health versus Disease |
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112 | (1) |
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Principles of Diagnostic Testing |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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Risk, Risk Factors, and Risk Assessment |
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114 | (1) |
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Prognosis, Prognostic Factors, and Prognosis Assessment |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (5) |
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How Is Gingivitis Measured? |
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115 | (1) |
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How Much Gingivitis Is Present? |
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116 | (1) |
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Is More or Less Gingivitis Present Now than Previously? |
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117 | (1) |
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Does My Patient with Gingivitis Fit the Typical Profile? |
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117 | (2) |
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Why Do Patients Have Gingivitis, and What Puts Them at Risk? |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (7) |
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How Is Periodontitis Measured? |
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120 | (2) |
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How Much Chronic Periodontitis Is Present? |
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122 | (1) |
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Is More or Less Chronic Periodontitis Present Now than Previously? |
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123 | (1) |
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How Much New or Progressing Chronic Periodontitis Is Present? |
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124 | (1) |
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Does My Patient with Chronic Periodontitis Fit the Typical Profile? |
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124 | (1) |
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Why Do Patients Have Chronic Periodontitis, and What Puts Them at Risk? |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (6) |
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How Much Aggressive Periodontitis Is Present? |
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128 | (1) |
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How Much New Aggressive Periodontitis Is Present? |
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128 | (1) |
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Does My Patient with Aggressive Periodontitis Fit the Typical Profile? |
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128 | (1) |
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Why Do Patients Have Aggressive Periodontitis, and What Puts Them at Risk? |
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128 | (5) |
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PART 4 ETIOLOGY OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES |
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133 | (150) |
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Microbiology of Periodontal Diseases |
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134 | (36) |
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Diversity of Intraoral Surfaces for Bacterial Adhesion |
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135 | (2) |
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Structure and Composition of Dental Plaque |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (2) |
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Plaque Formation at the Ultrastructural Level |
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140 | (4) |
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Formation of the Pellicle |
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140 | (1) |
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Initial Adhesion and Attachment of Bacteria |
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141 | (1) |
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Colonization and Plaque Maturation |
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141 | (3) |
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Growth Dynamics of Dental Plaque |
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144 | (5) |
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144 | (1) |
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De Novo Supragingival Plaque Formation: Clinical Aspects |
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145 | (3) |
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De Novo Subgingival Plaque Formation |
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148 | (1) |
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Physiologic Properties of Dental Plaque |
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149 | (1) |
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Special Bacterial Behavior in Biofilms |
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150 | (1) |
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Principle of Bacterial Transmission, Translocation, or Cross-Infection |
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151 | (1) |
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Microbiology of Implants in Partially Edentulous Patients |
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151 | (1) |
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Translocation and Guided Tissue Regeneration |
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151 | (1) |
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Translocation and Mechanical Debridement |
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151 | (1) |
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Intraoral Equilibrium between Cariogenic Species and Periopathogens |
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152 | (1) |
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Association of Plaque Microorganisms with Periodontal Diseases |
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152 | (1) |
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Microbial Specificity of Periodontal Diseases |
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153 | (2) |
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Nonspecific Plaque Hypothesis |
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153 | (1) |
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Specific Plaque Hypothesis |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Criteria for Identification of Periodontal Pathogens |
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155 | (1) |
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Microorganisms Associated with Specific Periodontal Diseases |
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155 | (5) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Localized Aggressive Periodontitis |
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157 | (1) |
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Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases |
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158 | (1) |
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Abscesses of the Periodontium |
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158 | (1) |
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Periodontitis as Manifestation of Systemic Disease |
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158 | (1) |
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Microbial Specificity in Periodontitis |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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Key Characteristics of Specific Periopathogens |
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160 | (3) |
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Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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Peptostreptococcus micros |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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Future Advances in Periodontal Microbiology |
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163 | (7) |
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The Role of Dental Calculus and Other Predisposing Factors |
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170 | (23) |
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170 | (6) |
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Supragingival and Subgingival Calculus |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Attachment to the Tooth Surface |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Materia Alba, Food Debris, and Dental Stains |
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176 | (1) |
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Other Predisposing Factors |
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176 | (17) |
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176 | (4) |
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180 | (1) |
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Periodontal Complications Associated with Orthodontic Therapy |
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181 | (2) |
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Extraction of Impacted Third Molars |
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183 | (1) |
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Habits and Self-Inflicted Injuries |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (7) |
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Genetic Factors Associated with Periodontal Disease |
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193 | (16) |
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193 | (3) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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Linkage and Association Studies |
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195 | (1) |
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Aggressive Periodontal Diseases |
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196 | (7) |
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Associations with Genetic and Inherited Conditions |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (2) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Clinical Implications of Genetic Studies |
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205 | (1) |
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Future of Genetic Studies in Periodontology |
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206 | (3) |
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Immunity and Inflammation: Basic Concepts |
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209 | (19) |
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Cells of Immunity and Inflammation |
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211 | (3) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Peripheral Dendritic Cells |
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213 | (1) |
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Neutrophils and Monocytes/Macrophages |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Natural Killer (NK) Cells |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (2) |
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Transendothelial Migration |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (3) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (2) |
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Antigen Processing and Presentation |
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220 | (1) |
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Specific Immune Responses |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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B-Cell Responses and Antibodies |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (3) |
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Microbial Interactions with the Host in Periodontal Diseases |
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228 | (23) |
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Microbiologic Aspects of the Microbial-Host Interaction |
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228 | (5) |
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Bacterial Colonization and Survival in the Periodontal Region |
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229 | (3) |
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Microbial Mechanisms of Host Tissue Damage |
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232 | (1) |
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Immunologic Aspects of the Microbial-Host Interaction |
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233 | (7) |
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Innate Factors and Initiation of Inflammation |
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234 | (2) |
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Controlling Bacterial Challenge: Primary Role for Neutrophils |
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236 | (2) |
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Connective Tissue Alterations: Tissue Destruction in Periodontitis |
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238 | (2) |
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Connective Tissue Alterations: Healing Processes in Periodontitis |
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240 | (1) |
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Microbiology and Immunology in Gingival Health |
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240 | (1) |
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Microbiology and Immunology in Periodontal Diseases |
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241 | (4) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (2) |
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Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (6) |
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Smoking and Periodontal Disease |
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251 | (8) |
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Effects of Smoking on Prevalence and Severity of Periodontal Disease |
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251 | (2) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (2) |
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Effects of Smoking on Etiology and Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease |
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253 | (2) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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Effects of Smoking on Response to Periodontal Therapy |
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255 | (4) |
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255 | (1) |
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Surgical Therapy and Implants |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Recurrent (Refractory) Disease |
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256 | (3) |
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Molecular Biology of the Host-Microbe Interaction in Periodontal Diseases: Selected Topics: Molecular Signaling Aspects of Pathogen-Mediated Bone Destruction in Periodontal Diseases |
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259 | (16) |
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Innate-Immune Response and Toll-Like Receptors |
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259 | (1) |
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Toll-Like Receptor Expression and Microbial Recognition in Periodontal Tissues |
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260 | (2) |
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Role of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns in Periodontal Disease |
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262 | (3) |
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Effects on Resident Cells |
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262 | (3) |
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Effects on Nonresident Cells |
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265 | (1) |
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Pathobiology of Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Bone Destruction |
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265 | (1) |
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Similarities of Periodontal Diseases to Other Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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265 | (2) |
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Targets for Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases |
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266 | (1) |
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Cytokines and Inflammatory Diseases |
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267 | (1) |
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Pathobiology of Periodontal Disease Progression |
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267 | (2) |
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Therapeutic Strategies Disrupting Host-Cell Signaling for Treatment of Periodontal Diseases |
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269 | (6) |
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275 | (8) |
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275 | (1) |
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The Host Response and Potential Targets for Host Modulation |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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PART 5 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERDIODONTAL DISEASE AND SYSTEMIC HEALTH |
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283 | (60) |
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Influence of Systemic Disorders and Stress on the Periodontium |
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284 | (28) |
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Endocrine Disorders and Hormonal Changes |
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285 | (6) |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (2) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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Hematologic Disorders and Immune Deficiencies |
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291 | (9) |
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292 | (4) |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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Leukocyte (Neutrophil) Disorders |
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297 | (2) |
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Antibody Deficiency Disorders |
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299 | (1) |
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Stress and Psychosomatic Disorders |
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300 | (1) |
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Psychosocial Stress, Depression, and Coping |
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300 | (1) |
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Stress-Induced Immunosuppression |
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301 | (1) |
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Influence of Stress on Periodontal Therapy Outcomes |
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301 | (1) |
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Psychiatric Influence of Self-Inflicted Injury |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (4) |
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Fat-Soluble Vitamin Deficiency |
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302 | (1) |
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Water-Soluble Vitamin Deficiency |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (1) |
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Other Systemic Conditions |
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305 | (7) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (6) |
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Periodontal Medicine: Impact of Periodontal Infection on Systemic Health |
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312 | (18) |
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Pathobiology of Periodontitis |
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312 | (1) |
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Focal Infection Theory Revisited |
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313 | (1) |
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Evidence-Based Clinical Practice |
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313 | (2) |
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Subgingival Environment as Reservoir of Bacteria |
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315 | (1) |
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Periodontal Disease and Mortality |
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315 | (1) |
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Periodontal Disease and Coronary Heart Disease/Atherosclerosis |
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315 | (5) |
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Effect of Periodontal Infection |
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316 | (2) |
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Role of Periodontal Disease in Myocardial or Cerebral Infarction |
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318 | (2) |
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Periodontal Disease and Stroke |
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320 | (2) |
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Periodontal Infection Associated with Stroke |
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320 | (1) |
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Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus |
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320 | (1) |
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Periodontal Infection Associated with Glycemic Control in Diabetes |
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321 | (1) |
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Periodontal Disease and Pregnancy Outcome |
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322 | (2) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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Periodontal Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
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324 | (1) |
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Periodontal Disease and Acute Respiratory Infections |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
Periodontal Medicine in Clinical Practice |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
Periodontal Disease and Systemic Health |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
327 | (3) |
|
|
330 | (13) |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
Physiology of Malodor Detection |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
333 | (4) |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
Clinical and Laboratory Examination |
|
|
334 | (3) |
|
Treatment of Oral Malodor |
|
|
337 | (3) |
|
Mechanical Reduction of Intraoral Nutrients and Microorganisms |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
Chemical Reduction of Oral Microbial Load |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
Conversion of Volatile Sulfide Compounds |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
340 | (3) |
|
PART 6 PERIODONTAL PATHOLOGY |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
SECTION I GINGIVAL DISEASE |
|
|
344 | (90) |
|
Defense Mechanisms of the Gingiva |
|
|
344 | (11) |
|
|
344 | (3) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Permeability of Junctional and Sulcular Epithelia |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Cellular and Humoral Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Drugs in Gingival Crevicular Fluid |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Leukocytes in the Dentogingival Area |
|
|
347 | (2) |
|
|
349 | (6) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
Salivary Buffers and Coagulation Factors |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Role in Periodontal Pathology |
|
|
350 | (5) |
|
|
355 | (7) |
|
Stage I Gingivitis: The Initial Lesion |
|
|
356 | (2) |
|
Stage II Gingivitis: The Early Lesion |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
Stage III Gingivitis: The Established Lesion |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Stage IV Gingivitis: The Advanced Lesion |
|
|
360 | (2) |
|
Clinical Features of Gingivitis |
|
|
362 | (11) |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
362 | (2) |
|
|
364 | (9) |
|
Gingival Bleeding on Probing |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Gingival Bleeding Caused by Local Factors |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Gingival Bleeding Associated with Systemic Changes |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Color Changes in the Gingiva |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
Color Changes Associated with Systemic Factors |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
Changes in Consistency of the Gingiva |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Changes in Surface Texture of the Gingiva |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Changes in Position of the Gingiva |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Changes in Gingival Contour |
|
|
370 | (3) |
|
|
373 | (18) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Chronic Inflammatory Enlargement |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Acute Inflammatory Enlargement |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Drug-Induced Gingival Enlargement |
|
|
375 | (4) |
|
|
375 | (2) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
Idiopathic Gingival Enlargement |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Enlargements Associated with Systemic Diseases |
|
|
380 | (4) |
|
|
380 | (3) |
|
Systemic Diseases That Cause Gingival Enlargement |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Neoplastic Enlargement (Gingival Tumors) |
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
Benign Tumors of the Gingiva |
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
Malignant Tumors of the Gingiva |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
386 | (5) |
|
Underlying Osseous Lesions |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Underlying Dental Tissues |
|
|
387 | (4) |
|
Acute Gingival Infections |
|
|
391 | (13) |
|
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis |
|
|
391 | (7) |
|
|
391 | (2) |
|
Relation of Bacteria to Characteristic Lesion |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
393 | (3) |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology and Prevalence |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis |
|
|
398 | (2) |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
400 | (4) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
401 | (3) |
|
Gingival Diseases in Childhood |
|
|
404 | (7) |
|
Periodontium of the Deciduous Dentition |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
Physiologic Gingival Changes Associated with Tooth Eruption |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Types of Gingival Disease |
|
|
406 | (3) |
|
Chronic Marginal Gingivitis |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
Acute Gingival Infections |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
Traumatic Changes in the Periodontium |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Oral Mucous Membrane in Childhood Diseases |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
|
411 | (23) |
|
Chronic Desquamative Gingivitis |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Diagnosis of Desquamative Gingivitis: A Systematic Approach |
|
|
412 | (3) |
|
Diseases Clinically Presenting as Desquamative Gingivitis |
|
|
415 | (13) |
|
|
415 | (4) |
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
|
421 | (3) |
|
Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Linear IgA Disease (Linear IgA Dermatosis) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
426 | (2) |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
Miscellaneous Conditions Mimicking Desquamative Gingivitis |
|
|
429 | (5) |
|
SECTION II PERIODONTAL DISEASE |
|
|
434 | (105) |
|
|
434 | (18) |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
437 | (7) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
Microtopography of Gingival Wall |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
Periodontal Pockets as Healing Lesions |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
Periodontal Disease Activity |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Pulp Changes Associated with Periodontal Pockets |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Relationship of Attachment Loss and Bone Loss to Pocket Depth |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Area between Base of Pocket and Alveolar Bone |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Relationship of Pocket to Bone |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
Differences between Infrabony and Suprabony Pockets |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
446 | (3) |
|
|
449 | (3) |
|
Bone Loss and Patterns of Bone Destruction |
|
|
452 | (15) |
|
Bone Destruction Caused by Extension of Gingival Inflammation |
|
|
452 | (5) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Bone Destruction |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Bone Formation in Periodontal Disease |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Bone Destruction Caused by Trauma from Occlusion |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Bone Destruction Caused by Systemic Disorders |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Factors Determining Bone Morphology in Periodontal Disease |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Normal Variation in Alveolar Bone |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Buttressing Bone Formation (Lipping) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Bone Destruction Patterns in Periodontal Disease |
|
|
459 | (8) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Bone Deformities (Osseous Defects) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Vertical or Angular Defects |
|
|
459 | (3) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
462 | (5) |
|
Periodontal Response to External Forces |
|
|
467 | (13) |
|
Adaptive Capacity of the Periodontium to Occlusal Forces |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
467 | (2) |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Primary and Secondary Trauma from Occlusion |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Stages of Tissue Response to Increased Occlusal Forces |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
Stage III: Adaptive Remodeling of the Periodontium |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Effects of Insufficient Occlusal Force |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Reversibility of Traumatic Lesions |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Effects of Excessive Occlusal Forces on Dental Pulp |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Influence of Trauma from Occlusion on Progression of Marginal Periodontitis |
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
Clinical and Radiographic Signs of Trauma from Occlusion Alone |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
Pathologic Tooth Migration |
|
|
474 | (6) |
|
|
474 | (6) |
|
Masticatory System Disorders |
|
|
480 | (14) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Muscles and Nerves of the Masticatory System |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Biomechanics of the Masticatory System |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Dysfunction and Deterioration |
|
|
483 | (2) |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
|
486 | (3) |
|
Patient History and Interview |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
486 | (3) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Diagnostic Decision Making |
|
|
489 | (5) |
|
|
494 | (6) |
|
|
494 | (3) |
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (3) |
|
Prior History of Periodontitis |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Environmental and Behavioral Factors |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis |
|
|
500 | (6) |
|
Clinical and Microscopic Description of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Characteristic Features of Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Etiology of Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis |
|
|
502 | (2) |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (2) |
|
|
506 | (7) |
|
Localized Aggressive Periodontitis |
|
|
506 | (2) |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Prevalence and Distribution by Age and Gender |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
Prevalence and Distribution by Age and Gender |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Aggressive Periodontitis |
|
|
509 | (4) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
510 | (3) |
|
Pathology and Management of Periodontal Problems in Patients with HIV Infection |
|
|
513 | (26) |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology and Demographics |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Classification and Staging |
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
CDC Surveillance Case Classification |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Oral and Periodontal Manifestations of HIV Infection |
|
|
516 | (11) |
|
|
516 | (4) |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
Kaposi's Sarcoma and Other Malignancies |
|
|
521 | (3) |
|
Bacillary (Epithelioid) Angiomatosis |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
Dental Treatment Complications |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Gingival and Periodontal Diseases |
|
|
527 | (4) |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Necrotizing Ulcerative Stomatitis |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
Periodontal Treatment Protocol |
|
|
531 | (8) |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
Infection Control Measures |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
532 | (7) |
|
PART 7 TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
SECTION I DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT PLAN |
|
|
540 | (166) |
|
|
540 | (21) |
|
|
541 | (2) |
|
Overall Appraisal of the Patient |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Intraoral Radiographic Survey |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Review of Initial Examination |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
543 | (15) |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
544 | (4) |
|
Examination of the Periodontium |
|
|
548 | (10) |
|
Laboratory Aids to Clinical Diagnosis |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
Patients with Special Diets for Medical Reasons |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
Periodontal Screening and Recording System |
|
|
558 | (3) |
|
Radiographic Aids in the Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease |
|
|
561 | (18) |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
Distortions Produced by Variations in Radiographic Technique |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Bone Destruction in Periodontal Disease |
|
|
562 | (3) |
|
|
562 | (2) |
|
Pattern of Bone Destruction |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
Radiographic Appearance of Periodontal Disease |
|
|
565 | (9) |
|
|
565 | (3) |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
569 | (2) |
|
Localized Aggressive Periodontitis |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
|
571 | (3) |
|
Additional Radiographic Criteria |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Skeletal Disturbances Manifested in the Jaws |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Digital Intraoral Radiography |
|
|
575 | (4) |
|
Advanced Diagnostic Techniques |
|
|
579 | (23) |
|
Limitations of Conventional Periodontal Diagnosis |
|
|
579 | (2) |
|
Advances in Clinical Diagnosis |
|
|
581 | (4) |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
|
582 | (3) |
|
Advances in Radiographic Assessment |
|
|
585 | (2) |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
|
585 | (2) |
|
Computer-Assisted Densitometric Image Analysis System |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
Advances in Microbiologic Analysis |
|
|
587 | (8) |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Diagnostic Assays Based on Molecular Biology Techniques |
|
|
592 | (3) |
|
Advances in Characterizing the Host Response |
|
|
595 | (3) |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Inflammatory Mediators and Products |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
Tissue Breakdown Products |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
|
598 | (4) |
|
|
602 | (7) |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Pathogenic Bacteria and Microbial Tooth Deposits |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Risk Determinants/Background Characteristics for Periodontal Disease |
|
|
603 | (2) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Risk Indicators for Periodontal Disease |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
Risk Markers/Predictors for Periodontal Disease |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
Previous History of Periodontal Disease |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
Clinical Risk Assessment for Periodontal Disease |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
606 | (3) |
|
Levels of Clinical Significance |
|
|
609 | (5) |
|
Tangible versus Intangible Benefits |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
Size of the Treatment Effect |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Defining Four Levels of Clinical Significance |
|
|
610 | (2) |
|
Clinical Significance Level 1 |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Clinical Significance Level 2 |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Clinical Significance Level 3 |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Clinical Significance Level 4 |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
612 | (2) |
|
Determination of Prognosis |
|
|
614 | (12) |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
Overall versus Individual Tooth Prognosis |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
Factors in Determination of Prognosis |
|
|
615 | (7) |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
Systemic and Environmental Factors |
|
|
616 | (3) |
|
|
619 | (3) |
|
Prosthetic and Restorative Factors |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Relationship between Diagnosis and Prognosis |
|
|
622 | (2) |
|
Prognosis for Patients with Gingival Disease |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Prognosis for Patients with Periodontitis |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
Reevaluation of Prognosis after Phase I Therapy |
|
|
624 | (2) |
|
|
626 | (4) |
|
Master Plan for Total Treatment |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Extracting or Preserving a Tooth |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
Explaining Treatment Plan to the Patient |
|
|
627 | (3) |
|
Rationale for Periodontal Treatment |
|
|
630 | (6) |
|
What Does Periodontal Therapy Accomplish? |
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
Factors That Affect Healing |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Healing after Periodontal Therapy |
|
|
632 | (2) |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
Periodontal Reconstruction |
|
|
634 | (2) |
|
Periodontal Therapy in the Female Patient |
|
|
636 | (14) |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
637 | (2) |
|
Periodontal Manifestations |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
Periodontal Manifestations of Pregnancy |
|
|
639 | (4) |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
Role of Pregnancy Hormones |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
Other Oral Manifestations of Pregnancy |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
|
645 | (2) |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
|
647 | (3) |
|
Periodontal Treatment of Medically Compromised Patients |
|
|
650 | (25) |
|
|
650 | (7) |
|
|
651 | (2) |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
654 | (2) |
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
657 | (4) |
|
|
657 | (3) |
|
Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
Immunosuppression and Chemotherapy |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
Prosthetic Joint Replacement |
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
665 | (3) |
|
|
665 | (3) |
|
Thrombocytopenic Purpuras |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
Nonthrombocytopenic Purpuras |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
669 | (6) |
|
|
669 | (2) |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
671 | (4) |
|
Periodontal Treatment for Older Adults |
|
|
675 | (18) |
|
|
675 | (2) |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
677 | (7) |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
679 | (2) |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
Dental and Medical Assessments |
|
|
684 | (4) |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
Review of Medical History |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
Extraoral and Intraoral Examinations |
|
|
685 | (2) |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Periodontal Diseases in Older Adults |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
Relationship to Systemic Disease |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
Periodontal Treatment Planning |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
Prevention of Periodontal Disease and Maintenance of Periodontal Health in Older Adults |
|
|
689 | (2) |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
|
691 | (2) |
|
Treatment of Aggressive and Atypical Forms of Periodontitis |
|
|
693 | (13) |
|
|
693 | (8) |
|
|
694 | (6) |
|
Treatment Planning and Restorative Considerations |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Periodontitis Refractory to Treatment |
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
703 | (3) |
|
SECTION II TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL EMERGENCIES |
|
|
706 | (16) |
|
Treatment of Acute Gingival Disease |
|
|
706 | (8) |
|
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis |
|
|
706 | (4) |
|
|
706 | (2) |
|
Gingival Changes with Healing |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
Additional Treatment Considerations |
|
|
708 | (2) |
|
Persistent or Recurrent Cases |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
Acute Herpetic Gingivostomatitis |
|
|
711 | (3) |
|
Treatment of Periodontal Abscess |
|
|
714 | (8) |
|
Classification of Abscesses |
|
|
714 | (2) |
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
Acute versus Chronic Abscess |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
Periodontal versus Pulpal Abscess |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Specific Treatment Approaches |
|
|
716 | (6) |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
|
719 | (3) |
|
SECTION III NONSURGICAL THERAPY |
|
|
722 | (159) |
|
Phase I Periodontal Therapy |
|
|
722 | (6) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
Decision to Refer for Specialist Treatment |
|
|
725 | (3) |
|
Plaque Control for the Periodontal Patient |
|
|
728 | (21) |
|
|
729 | (2) |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
|
733 | (2) |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
Brushing with Powered Toothbrushes |
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
Interdental Cleaning Aids |
|
|
735 | (3) |
|
|
735 | (2) |
|
Interdental Cleaning Devices |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
Chemical Plaque Control with Oral Rinses |
|
|
740 | (1) |
|
Prescription Chlorhexidine Rinse |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
Nonprescription Essential Oil Rinse |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
Frequency of Plaque Removal |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
Patient Motivation and Education |
|
|
742 | (2) |
|
Motivation for Effective Plaque Control |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
Education and Scoring Systems |
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
Instruction and Demonstration |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
744 | (5) |
|
|
749 | (49) |
|
Classification of Periodontal Instruments |
|
|
749 | (15) |
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
Scaling and Curettage Instruments |
|
|
750 | (13) |
|
Cleansing and Polishing Instruments |
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
General Principles of Instrumentation |
|
|
764 | (10) |
|
Accessibility: Positioning of Patient and Operator |
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
Visibility, Illumination, and Retraction |
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
Condition and Sharpness of Instruments |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
Maintaining a Clean Field |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
766 | (2) |
|
|
768 | (3) |
|
Instruments for Scaling and Root Planing |
|
|
771 | (3) |
|
Principles of Scaling and Root Planing |
|
|
774 | (12) |
|
Definitions and Rationale |
|
|
774 | (2) |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
Supragingival Scaling Technique |
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
Subgingival Scaling and Root-Planing Technique |
|
|
777 | (7) |
|
|
784 | (2) |
|
|
786 | (1) |
|
|
786 | (12) |
|
|
787 | (1) |
|
|
787 | (1) |
|
|
787 | (1) |
|
|
788 | (1) |
|
Sharpening Individual Instruments |
|
|
788 | (10) |
|
|
798 | (15) |
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
Systemic Administration of Antibiotics |
|
|
799 | (6) |
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
|
800 | (2) |
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
|
803 | (1) |
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
Serial and Combination Antibiotic Therapy |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs |
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
Local Delivery of Antibiotics |
|
|
807 | (2) |
|
Tetracycline-Containing Fibers |
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
Subgingival Metronidazole |
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
Local Delivery of Antiseptic Agent |
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
|
810 | (3) |
|
|
813 | (15) |
|
|
813 | (1) |
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
Systemically Administered Agents |
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
Locally Administered Agents |
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
Host Modulation and Comprehensive Periodontal Management |
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
Subantimicrobial-Dose Doxycycline |
|
|
816 | (9) |
|
|
817 | (1) |
|
Clinical Research Data and Patient Populations |
|
|
817 | (4) |
|
Suggested Uses and Other Considerations |
|
|
821 | (3) |
|
Emerging Host Modulatory Therapies |
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
|
825 | (3) |
|
Sonic and Ultrasonic Instrumentation |
|
|
828 | (8) |
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
Types of Power Instruments |
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
Efficacy and Clinical Outcomes |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
Bacterial Reduction and Endotoxin/Cementum Removal |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
Bleeding on Probing, Probing Depth, and Clinical Attachment |
|
|
831 | (1) |
|
|
831 | (1) |
|
|
831 | (2) |
|
|
831 | (1) |
|
|
832 | (1) |
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
Principles of Instrumentation |
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
|
833 | (3) |
|
Supragingival and Subgingival Irrigation |
|
|
836 | (9) |
|
Professionally Delivered Irrigation |
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
Home (Self-Applied) Irrigation |
|
|
837 | (3) |
|
|
837 | (2) |
|
|
839 | (1) |
|
|
840 | (2) |
|
Plaque Removal and Calculus Reduction |
|
|
840 | (1) |
|
Gingivitis, Bleeding on Probing, and Probing Depth Reductions |
|
|
840 | (1) |
|
Periodontal Pathogens and Inflammatory Mediators |
|
|
841 | (1) |
|
Patients with Special Considerations |
|
|
841 | (1) |
|
|
842 | (3) |
|
Occlusal Evaluation and Therapy |
|
|
845 | (11) |
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
Functional Anatomy of Masticatory System |
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
Biologic Basis of Occlusal Function |
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evaluation Procedures |
|
|
847 | (2) |
|
Temporomandibular Disorder Screening Examination |
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
Intraoral Evaluation of Occlusion |
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
Role of Articulated Casts |
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
Interpretation and Treatment Planning |
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
Temporomandibular Disorder Screening |
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
Diagnostic Interocclusal Appliance |
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
|
850 | (4) |
|
Interocclusal Appliance Therapy |
|
|
851 | (2) |
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
|
854 | (2) |
|
Adjunctive Role of Orthodontic Therapy |
|
|
856 | (15) |
|
Benefits of Orthodontic Therapy |
|
|
856 | (1) |
|
Preorthodontic Osseous Surgery |
|
|
857 | (1) |
|
|
857 | (1) |
|
Three-Wall Intrabony Defects |
|
|
858 | (1) |
|
Orthodontic Treatment of Osseous Defects |
|
|
858 | (8) |
|
|
858 | (1) |
|
Advanced Horizontal Bone Loss |
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
|
860 | (2) |
|
|
862 | (2) |
|
Fractured Teeth and Forced Eruption |
|
|
864 | (1) |
|
Hopeless Teeth Maintained for Orthodontic Anchorage |
|
|
865 | (1) |
|
Orthodontic Treatment of Gingival Discrepancies |
|
|
866 | (4) |
|
|
866 | (1) |
|
Significant Abrasion and Overeruption |
|
|
867 | (1) |
|
|
868 | (2) |
|
|
870 | (1) |
|
The Periodontic-Endodontic Continuum |
|
|
871 | (10) |
|
|
871 | (2) |
|
|
871 | (1) |
|
|
871 | (1) |
|
Effects on the Periodontium |
|
|
872 | (1) |
|
Effect of Periodontitis on the Dental Pulp |
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
Differentiation between Periodontal and Pulpal Lesions |
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
Signs and Symptoms of Periodontitis |
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
Signs and Symptoms of Pulpal Disease |
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
Differentiation between Pulpal and Periodontal Abscesses |
|
|
874 | (1) |
|
Therapeutic Management of Pulpal and Periodontal Disease |
|
|
874 | (3) |
|
Primary Endodontic Lesion |
|
|
874 | (1) |
|
Independent Periodontal and Endodontic Lesions |
|
|
875 | (1) |
|
Combined Periodontal and Endodontic Lesions |
|
|
875 | (2) |
|
Special Issues in Endodontic Therapy |
|
|
877 | (4) |
|
|
877 | (1) |
|
|
878 | (3) |
|
SECTION IV SURGICAL THERAPY |
|
|
881 | (158) |
|
Phase II Periodontal Therapy |
|
|
881 | (6) |
|
Objectives of the Surgical Phase |
|
|
881 | (2) |
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
Results of Pocket Therapy |
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
Pocket Elimination versus Pocket Maintenance |
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
Reevaluation after Phase I Therapy |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
Critical Zones in Pocket Surgery |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
Zone 1: Soft Tissue Pocket Wall |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
Indications for Periodontal Surgery |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
Methods of Pocket Therapy |
|
|
885 | (2) |
|
Criteria for Method Selection |
|
|
885 | (1) |
|
Approaches to Specific Pocket Problems |
|
|
885 | (2) |
|
General Principles of Periodontal Surgery |
|
|
887 | (15) |
|
|
887 | (10) |
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
Measures to Prevent Transmission of Infection |
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
|
889 | (1) |
|
|
889 | (1) |
|
|
889 | (2) |
|
Periodontal Dressings (Periodontal Packs) |
|
|
891 | (2) |
|
Postoperative Instructions |
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
Removal of Pack and Return Visit |
|
|
894 | (1) |
|
Mouth Care between Procedures |
|
|
894 | (1) |
|
Management of Postoperative Pain |
|
|
895 | (2) |
|
Hospital Periodontal Surgery |
|
|
897 | (1) |
|
|
897 | (1) |
|
|
897 | (1) |
|
Postoperative Instructions |
|
|
897 | (1) |
|
|
898 | (4) |
|
Excisional and Incisional Instruments |
|
|
898 | (1) |
|
Surgical Curettes and Sickles |
|
|
899 | (1) |
|
|
899 | (1) |
|
|
899 | (1) |
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
|
900 | (2) |
|
Surgical Anatomy of the Periodontium and Related Structures |
|
|
902 | (7) |
|
|
902 | (2) |
|
|
904 | (2) |
|
|
906 | (1) |
|
|
906 | (3) |
|
Gingival Surgical Techniques |
|
|
909 | (9) |
|
|
909 | (3) |
|
|
909 | (1) |
|
|
910 | (1) |
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
Healing after Scaling and Curettage |
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
Clinical Appearance after Scaling and Curettage |
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
|
912 | (3) |
|
Indications and Contraindications |
|
|
912 | (1) |
|
|
913 | (1) |
|
|
914 | (1) |
|
Healing after Surgical Gingivectomy |
|
|
914 | (1) |
|
Gingivectomy by Electrosurgery |
|
|
915 | (1) |
|
|
915 | (1) |
|
Gingivectomy by Chemosurgery |
|
|
915 | (1) |
|
|
915 | (3) |
|
Treatment of Gingival Enlargement |
|
|
918 | (8) |
|
Chronic Inflammatory Enlargement |
|
|
918 | (1) |
|
Periodontal and Gingival Abscesses |
|
|
918 | (1) |
|
Drug-Associated Gingival Enlargement |
|
|
919 | (4) |
|
|
919 | (4) |
|
Leukemic Gingival Enlargement |
|
|
923 | (1) |
|
Gingival Enlargement in Pregnancy |
|
|
924 | (1) |
|
Timing of Treatment and Indications |
|
|
924 | (1) |
|
Gingival Enlargement in Puberty |
|
|
924 | (1) |
|
Recurrence of Gingival Enlargement |
|
|
924 | (2) |
|
|
926 | (11) |
|
|
926 | (1) |
|
|
927 | (1) |
|
|
928 | (2) |
|
|
928 | (2) |
|
|
930 | (1) |
|
|
930 | (1) |
|
|
931 | (3) |
|
|
931 | (1) |
|
|
931 | (2) |
|
|
933 | (1) |
|
Healing after Flap Surgery |
|
|
934 | (3) |
|
The Flap Technique for Pocket Therapy |
|
|
937 | (13) |
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
Techniques for Access and Pocket Depth Reduction/Elimination |
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
|
938 | (1) |
|
Reconstructive Techniques |
|
|
938 | (1) |
|
|
938 | (2) |
|
|
940 | (3) |
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
|
943 | (2) |
|
Flaps for Reconstructive Surgery |
|
|
945 | (1) |
|
Papilla Preservation Flap |
|
|
945 | (1) |
|
|
945 | (1) |
|
|
945 | (5) |
|
|
945 | (3) |
|
|
948 | (2) |
|
Resective Osseous Surgery |
|
|
950 | (18) |
|
Selection of Treatment Technique |
|
|
950 | (1) |
|
|
951 | (1) |
|
Normal Alveolar Bone Morphology |
|
|
951 | (1) |
|
|
952 | (1) |
|
Factors in Selection of Resective Osseous Surgery |
|
|
953 | (1) |
|
Examination and Treatment Planning |
|
|
954 | (1) |
|
Methods of Resective Osseous Surgery |
|
|
954 | (2) |
|
Osseous Resection Technique |
|
|
956 | (4) |
|
|
956 | (1) |
|
|
957 | (1) |
|
|
957 | (1) |
|
Flattening Interproximal Bone |
|
|
957 | (3) |
|
Gradualizing Marginal Bone |
|
|
960 | (1) |
|
Flap Placement and Closure |
|
|
960 | (1) |
|
Postoperative Maintenance |
|
|
960 | (1) |
|
Specific Osseous Reshaping Situations |
|
|
960 | (3) |
|
|
963 | (5) |
|
Reconstructive Periodontal Surgery |
|
|
968 | (23) |
|
Evaluation of New Attachment and Periodontal Reconstruction |
|
|
968 | (3) |
|
|
968 | (1) |
|
|
969 | (1) |
|
|
970 | (1) |
|
|
970 | (1) |
|
Reconstructive Surgical Techniques |
|
|
971 | (12) |
|
Non--Bone Graft--Associated Procedures |
|
|
971 | (5) |
|
Graft Materials and Procedures |
|
|
976 | (6) |
|
|
982 | (1) |
|
|
983 | (8) |
|
Furcation: Involvement and Treatment |
|
|
991 | (14) |
|
|
991 | (1) |
|
Diagnosis and Classification of Furcation Defects |
|
|
991 | (2) |
|
Indices of Furcation Involvement |
|
|
992 | (1) |
|
|
993 | (1) |
|
|
993 | (1) |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
Cervical Enamel Projections |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
Anatomy of the Bony Lesions |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
Pattern of Attachment Loss |
|
|
994 | (1) |
|
|
995 | (1) |
|
|
995 | (1) |
|
Therapeutic Classes of Furcation Defects |
|
|
995 | (1) |
|
|
995 | (8) |
|
|
995 | (1) |
|
|
996 | (1) |
|
Root Resection/Hemisection Procedure |
|
|
997 | (2) |
|
|
999 | (1) |
|
|
999 | (4) |
|
|
1003 | (2) |
|
Periodontal Plastic and Esthetic Surgery |
|
|
1005 | (25) |
|
|
1005 | (1) |
|
|
1006 | (1) |
|
Problems Associated with Attached Gingiva |
|
|
1006 | (1) |
|
Problems Associated with Shallow Vestibule |
|
|
1006 | (1) |
|
Problems Associated with Aberrant Frenum |
|
|
1006 | (1) |
|
Etiology of Marginal Tissue Recession |
|
|
1006 | (1) |
|
Factors That Affect Surgical Outcome |
|
|
1006 | (2) |
|
|
1006 | (2) |
|
Mucogingival Line (Junction) |
|
|
1008 | (1) |
|
Techniques to Increase Attached Gingiva |
|
|
1008 | (15) |
|
Gingival Augmentation Apical to Recession |
|
|
1008 | (6) |
|
Gingival Augmentation Coronal to Recession (Root Coverage) |
|
|
1014 | (9) |
|
Techniques to Deepen the Vestibule |
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
Techniques to Remove Frenum |
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
|
1023 | (1) |
|
|
1024 | (1) |
|
Criteria for Selection of Techniques |
|
|
1025 | (1) |
|
|
1026 | (4) |
|
Recent Advances in Surgical Technology |
|
|
1030 | (9) |
|
|
1030 | (1) |
|
|
1030 | (3) |
|
|
1030 | (2) |
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
|
1033 | (1) |
|
|
1033 | (1) |
|
Surgery under Magnification |
|
|
1033 | (1) |
|
Microsurgical Instruments |
|
|
1033 | (1) |
|
|
1033 | (1) |
|
|
1034 | (1) |
|
|
1035 | (1) |
|
Application for Periodontal Therapy |
|
|
1035 | (1) |
|
Advantages and Disadvantages |
|
|
1036 | (3) |
|
SECTION V PERIODONTAL-RESTORATIVE INTERRELATIONSHIPS |
|
|
1039 | (32) |
|
Preparation of the Periodontium for Restorative Dentistry |
|
|
1039 | (11) |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
1040 | (1) |
|
Control of Active Disease |
|
|
1040 | (2) |
|
|
1041 | (1) |
|
Extraction of Hopeless Teeth |
|
|
1041 | (1) |
|
|
1041 | (1) |
|
|
1041 | (1) |
|
|
1041 | (1) |
|
|
1041 | (1) |
|
Adjunctive Orthodontic Therapy |
|
|
1042 | (1) |
|
|
1042 | (5) |
|
Management of Mucogingival Problems |
|
|
1042 | (1) |
|
Preservation of Ridge Morphology after Tooth Extraction |
|
|
1043 | (1) |
|
Crown-Lengthening Procedures |
|
|
1044 | (3) |
|
Alveolar Ridge Reconstruction |
|
|
1047 | (1) |
|
|
1047 | (3) |
|
Restorative Interrelationships |
|
|
1050 | (21) |
|
|
1050 | (9) |
|
Margin Placement and Biologic Width |
|
|
1050 | (2) |
|
Biologic Width Evaluation |
|
|
1052 | (1) |
|
Correcting Biologic Width Violations |
|
|
1052 | (1) |
|
Margin Placement Guidelines |
|
|
1053 | (2) |
|
Clinical Procedures in Margin Placement |
|
|
1055 | (1) |
|
|
1055 | (2) |
|
|
1057 | (1) |
|
|
1058 | (1) |
|
|
1058 | (1) |
|
|
1058 | (1) |
|
Hypersensitivity to Dental Materials |
|
|
1058 | (1) |
|
Esthetic Tissue Management |
|
|
1059 | (5) |
|
Managing Interproximal Embrasures |
|
|
1059 | (1) |
|
Correcting Open Gingival Embrasures Restoratively |
|
|
1060 | (1) |
|
Managing Gingival Embrasure Form for Patients with Gingival Recession |
|
|
1060 | (1) |
|
|
1061 | (3) |
|
Occlusal Considerations in Restorative Therapy |
|
|
1064 | (1) |
|
Special Restorative Considerations |
|
|
1064 | (7) |
|
|
1064 | (1) |
|
|
1065 | (1) |
|
Anterior Esthetic Surgery |
|
|
1066 | (5) |
|
|
1071 | (122) |
|
Biological Aspects of Oral Implants |
|
|
1072 | (15) |
|
Implant Geometry (Macrodesign) |
|
|
1073 | (2) |
|
|
1073 | (1) |
|
|
1074 | (1) |
|
|
1075 | (1) |
|
Implant Surface Characteristics (Microdesign) |
|
|
1075 | (1) |
|
|
1075 | (1) |
|
|
1075 | (1) |
|
|
1075 | (6) |
|
Stages of Bone Healing and Osseointegration: Cell Kinetics and Tissue Remodeling |
|
|
1075 | (3) |
|
Implant Surface Free Energy and Micro-Roughness |
|
|
1078 | (1) |
|
Implant Surface Chemical Composition |
|
|
1079 | (1) |
|
Rigidity and Strength of Established Bone-to-Implant Interface |
|
|
1079 | (2) |
|
|
1081 | (3) |
|
Comparison of Tissues Surrounding Natural Dentition and Osseointegrated Oral Implants |
|
|
1084 | (1) |
|
|
1084 | (3) |
|
Clinical Aspects and Evaluation of the Implant Patient |
|
|
1087 | (18) |
|
Case Types and Indications |
|
|
1088 | (4) |
|
|
1088 | (1) |
|
Partially Edentulous Patients |
|
|
1089 | (3) |
|
|
1092 | (4) |
|
|
1093 | (1) |
|
|
1093 | (1) |
|
|
1093 | (1) |
|
|
1093 | (3) |
|
Risk Factors and Contraindications |
|
|
1096 | (4) |
|
Medical and Systemic Health--Related Issues |
|
|
1097 | (2) |
|
Psychologic and Mental Conditions |
|
|
1099 | (1) |
|
Habits and Behavioral Considerations |
|
|
1099 | (1) |
|
|
1100 | (2) |
|
|
1100 | (1) |
|
|
1101 | (1) |
|
Oral Hygiene and Implant Maintenance |
|
|
1101 | (1) |
|
|
1102 | (3) |
|
Diagnostic Imaging for the Implant Patient |
|
|
1105 | (15) |
|
|
1105 | (3) |
|
|
1106 | (1) |
|
|
1107 | (1) |
|
|
1107 | (1) |
|
Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs |
|
|
1108 | (1) |
|
|
1108 | (3) |
|
Conventional X--Ray Tomography |
|
|
1108 | (2) |
|
|
1110 | (1) |
|
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography |
|
|
1111 | (1) |
|
Interactive ``Simulation'' Software Programs |
|
|
1111 | (3) |
|
|
1114 | (3) |
|
|
1114 | (1) |
|
Identify Anatomic Structures |
|
|
1114 | (1) |
|
Assess Bone Quantity, Quality, and Volume |
|
|
1114 | (2) |
|
Evaluate Relation of Alveolar Ridge with Existing Teeth and Desired Implant Position |
|
|
1116 | (1) |
|
Clinical Selection of Diagnostic Imaging |
|
|
1117 | (1) |
|
|
1117 | (1) |
|
|
1117 | (1) |
|
Fabrication of Radiographic and Surgical Guides |
|
|
1117 | (1) |
|
Cross-Sectional Tomography |
|
|
1118 | (1) |
|
|
1118 | (2) |
|
Standard Implant Surgical Procedures |
|
|
1120 | (13) |
|
Implant Selection and Design Considerations |
|
|
1120 | (1) |
|
Implant Geometry (Macrodesign) |
|
|
1120 | (1) |
|
Implant Surface Topography (Microdesign) |
|
|
1121 | (1) |
|
General Principles of Implant Surgery |
|
|
1121 | (3) |
|
|
1121 | (1) |
|
|
1121 | (2) |
|
One-Stage versus Two-Stage Implant Surgeries |
|
|
1123 | (1) |
|
Two-Stage ``Submerged'' Implant Placement |
|
|
1124 | (7) |
|
Flap Design, Incisions, and Elevation |
|
|
1124 | (1) |
|
|
1124 | (4) |
|
Flap Closure and Suturing |
|
|
1128 | (1) |
|
|
1128 | (1) |
|
Second-Stage Exposure Surgery |
|
|
1128 | (3) |
|
One-Stage ``Non-Submerged'' Implant Placement |
|
|
1131 | (1) |
|
Flap Design, Incisions, and Elevation |
|
|
1131 | (1) |
|
|
1131 | (1) |
|
Flap Closure and Suturing |
|
|
1132 | (1) |
|
|
1132 | (1) |
|
|
1132 | (1) |
|
Localized Bone Augmentation and Implant Site Development |
|
|
1133 | (15) |
|
|
1133 | (3) |
|
|
1134 | (1) |
|
|
1135 | (1) |
|
Harvesting Autogenous Bone |
|
|
1136 | (1) |
|
Localized Ridge Augmentation |
|
|
1136 | (5) |
|
Flap Management for Ridge Augmentation |
|
|
1137 | (1) |
|
Horizontal Bone Augmentation |
|
|
1137 | (3) |
|
Simultaneous Implant Placement and Guided Bone Regeneration |
|
|
1140 | (1) |
|
Complications of Localized Ridge Augmentation |
|
|
1140 | (1) |
|
Long-Term Results of Implants in Localized Bone-Augmented Sites |
|
|
1141 | (1) |
|
Management of Extractions |
|
|
1141 | (5) |
|
Immediate Implant Placement |
|
|
1144 | (1) |
|
Delayed Implant Placement |
|
|
1145 | (1) |
|
|
1145 | (1) |
|
Delayed versus Staged Technique |
|
|
1145 | (1) |
|
|
1146 | (2) |
|
Advanced Implant Surgical Procedures |
|
|
1148 | (13) |
|
Maxillary Sinus Elevation and Bone Augmentation |
|
|
1148 | (9) |
|
Indications and Contraindications |
|
|
1149 | (1) |
|
|
1149 | (1) |
|
Surgical Procedures for Sinus Elevation |
|
|
1150 | (6) |
|
|
1156 | (1) |
|
Supracrestal/Vertical Bone Augmentation |
|
|
1157 | (2) |
|
Guided Bone Regeneration and Augmentation |
|
|
1157 | (1) |
|
|
1157 | (2) |
|
Growth Factors in Bone Augmentation |
|
|
1159 | (1) |
|
Bone Morphogenic Proteins |
|
|
1159 | (1) |
|
Autologous Platelet Concentration |
|
|
1159 | (1) |
|
|
1159 | (2) |
|
Recent Advances in Implant Surgical Technology |
|
|
1161 | (6) |
|
Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery |
|
|
1162 | (3) |
|
|
1162 | (1) |
|
|
1162 | (1) |
|
Preoperative Data Acquisition |
|
|
1162 | (1) |
|
Identification and Registration |
|
|
1162 | (1) |
|
Navigation and Positional Tracking |
|
|
1163 | (1) |
|
External Viewer and Augmented Reality |
|
|
1164 | (1) |
|
Advantages and Disadvantages |
|
|
1165 | (1) |
|
|
1165 | (2) |
|
Biomechanics, Treatment Planning, and Prosthetic Considerations |
|
|
1167 | (15) |
|
Biomechanical Considerations |
|
|
1168 | (3) |
|
|
1168 | (1) |
|
Linear Configurations and Implant Overload |
|
|
1169 | (2) |
|
Treatment Planning with Dental Implants |
|
|
1171 | (7) |
|
|
1171 | (1) |
|
|
1172 | (4) |
|
Partially Edentulous Patients |
|
|
1176 | (2) |
|
Clinical Strategies to Avoid Implant Overload and Other Prosthetic Considerations |
|
|
1178 | (1) |
|
Connecting Implants to Natural Dentition |
|
|
1179 | (1) |
|
Immediate or Early Loading in Posterior Quadrants |
|
|
1179 | (1) |
|
|
1179 | (3) |
|
Implant-Related Complications and Failures |
|
|
1182 | (11) |
|
Definition of Implant Success |
|
|
1182 | (1) |
|
Types and Prevalence of Implant Complications |
|
|
1183 | (1) |
|
|
1184 | (2) |
|
|
1184 | (1) |
|
Neurosensory Disturbances |
|
|
1185 | (1) |
|
|
1185 | (1) |
|
|
1186 | (2) |
|
Inflammation and Proliferation |
|
|
1186 | (1) |
|
|
1187 | (1) |
|
Periimplantitis and Bone Loss |
|
|
1187 | (1) |
|
|
1188 | (1) |
|
Technical or Mechanical Complications |
|
|
1188 | (1) |
|
Screw Loosening and Fracture |
|
|
1188 | (1) |
|
|
1189 | (1) |
|
Fracture of Restorative Materials |
|
|
1189 | (1) |
|
Esthetic and Phonetic Complications |
|
|
1189 | (1) |
|
|
1189 | (1) |
|
|
1189 | (1) |
|
|
1190 | (3) |
|
PART 9 PERIODONTAL MAINTENANCE |
|
|
1193 | (22) |
|
Supportive Periodontal Treatment |
|
|
1194 | (12) |
|
Rationale for Supportive Periodontal Treatment |
|
|
1194 | (2) |
|
|
1196 | (5) |
|
Examination and Evaluation |
|
|
1196 | (1) |
|
Checking of Plaque Control |
|
|
1196 | (4) |
|
|
1200 | (1) |
|
Recurrence of Periodontal Disease |
|
|
1200 | (1) |
|
Classification of Posttreatment Patients |
|
|
1201 | (1) |
|
Referral of Patients to the Periodontist |
|
|
1201 | (1) |
|
Tests for Disease Activity |
|
|
1202 | (1) |
|
Maintenance for Dental Implant Patients |
|
|
1202 | (4) |
|
Results of Periodontal Treatment |
|
|
1206 | (9) |
|
Prevention and Treatment of Gingivitis |
|
|
1206 | (1) |
|
Prevention and Treatment of Loss of Attachment |
|
|
1207 | (1) |
|
Prevention of Loss of Attachment |
|
|
1207 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Loss of Attachment |
|
|
1208 | (1) |
|
|
1208 | (4) |
|
|
1212 | (3) |
|
PART 10 ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND PRACTICAL ISSUES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PERIODONTAL PATIENTS |
|
|
1215 | (19) |
|
|
1216 | (5) |
|
Professional Organizations |
|
|
1216 | (1) |
|
Dental Organizations and Dental Boards |
|
|
1216 | (1) |
|
Periodontal Specialty Organizations |
|
|
1217 | (1) |
|
|
1217 | (1) |
|
Practical Considerations in Ethical Practice of Dentistry |
|
|
1218 | (1) |
|
|
1218 | (1) |
|
|
1218 | (1) |
|
|
1218 | (1) |
|
|
1218 | (1) |
|
|
1218 | (1) |
|
|
1218 | (1) |
|
|
1219 | (1) |
|
Scope of Periodontal Specialty Practice |
|
|
1219 | (1) |
|
Ethical Responsibilities of General Practitioners in Treatment of Periodontal Disease |
|
|
1219 | (2) |
|
|
1220 | (1) |
|
Legal Principles: Jurisprudence |
|
|
1221 | (6) |
|
|
1221 | (1) |
|
Common Periodontal Malpractice Issues |
|
|
1222 | (1) |
|
Legal Elements of Malpractice |
|
|
1223 | (1) |
|
|
1223 | (1) |
|
|
1223 | (1) |
|
|
1223 | (1) |
|
|
1224 | (1) |
|
|
1224 | (1) |
|
Practical Components in Litigation |
|
|
1224 | (1) |
|
|
1224 | (1) |
|
|
1225 | (1) |
|
|
1225 | (1) |
|
|
1226 | (1) |
|
|
1226 | (1) |
|
Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
|
|
1226 | (1) |
|
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
|
|
1226 | (1) |
|
|
1226 | (1) |
|
Dental Insurance and Managed Care in Periodontal Practice |
|
|
1227 | (7) |
|
|
1227 | (2) |
|
|
1227 | (1) |
|
|
1227 | (2) |
|
|
1229 | (1) |
|
Classification of Programs |
|
|
1230 | (1) |
|
|
1231 | (3) |
|
|
1231 | (1) |
|
|
1231 | (1) |
|
|
1232 | (1) |
|
|
1232 | (1) |
|
|
1233 | (1) |
|
|
1233 | (1) |
|
|
1233 | (1) |
|
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
|
|
1234 | (1) |
|
|
1234 | (1) |
|
|
1234 | |