Biogeochemical Cycles in Globalization and Sustainable Development
by Krapivin, Vladimir F.; Varotsos, Costas A.Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2008-05-04
Publisher(s): Springer Verlag
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Summary
This book opens new approach to the study of global environmental changes having unfourable character for peoples and other living systems. Main advantage of this book consists in the accumulation of knowledge from different sciences to parameterize global biogeochemical cycles in the context of globalization and sustainable development. Basic global problems of the nature-society system dynamics have been considered and the key problems of ensuring its sustainable development have been discussed. An analysis has been made of the present trend in changing ecological systems and characteristics of the present global ecodynamics have been estimated. The emphasis has been placed on the accomplishment of global geoinformation monitoring, which could provide a reliable control of the environmental processes development with further obtaining prognostic estimates of consequences of realization of anthropogenic projects. A new approach to the nature-society system numerical modelling has been proposed and demonstrative results have been given of modelling the dynamics of this system's characteristics in cases of realization of some scenarios of anthropogenic impact on the biogeochemical cycles. The importance and the need has been emphasized of development of adaptive algorithms of monitoring data processing which make it possible to reduce the economic expenses on its accomplishment and raise the reliability of the obtained estimates of the global ecodynamics characteristics. Perspective approaches have been suggested for the development of technology to estimate the risk of realization of decisions on ecosystems' management. The realization of this approach allows integration within a complex structure of all international and national means of environmental monitoring and provides a tool for objective evaluation of the environmental quality. The main purpose of this book is to develop an universal information technology to estimate the state of environmental subsystems functioning under various climatic and anthropogenic conditions and to assess the dependence of global bviogeochemical cycles on the globalization processes. Applied mathematicians, geophysicists, hydrologists, socio-economists, statesmans and other researchers of global change will find a wealth of information and ideas in this book.
Author Biography
Costas A. Varotsos is Associate Professor, University of Athens, Department of Applied Physics Laboratory of Upper Air, Athens, Greece.
Table of Contents
| Preface | p. xi |
| List of figures | p. xv |
| List of tables | p. xix |
| List of abbreviations and acronyms | p. xxiii |
| About the authors | p. xxxvii |
| Globalization and biogeochemical cycles | p. 1 |
| Global changes of biogeochemical cycles | p. 1 |
| Key aspects of global biogeochemical cycles | p. 1 |
| Biogeochemical cycles in land ecosystems | p. 6 |
| The regular dependence of water ecosystems on biogeochemical cycles | p. 13 |
| Interaction between globalization processes and biogeochemical cycles | p. 15 |
| The interplay between nature and society | p. 15 |
| Sustainable development and environmental disasters | p. 16 |
| Greenhouse gases and climate | p. 17 |
| Aerosols and climate | p. 18 |
| Climate change, forests, and agriculture | p. 50 |
| Observational data for global change | p. 52 |
| Globalization and human-induced factors of climate change | p. 57 |
| Contradiction between observational data and modeling results | p. 66 |
| Long-range transport of aerosols and trace gases | p. 70 |
| Global dynamics and biogeochemical cycles | p. 77 |
| Globalization, wealth, and human health | p. 86 |
| The role of biogeochemical cycles in global ecodynamics | p. 95 |
| Sustainability indicators | p. 95 |
| Impacts of population growth and development on biogeochemical cycles | p. 102 |
| Anthropogenic scenarios and sustainable development | p. 108 |
| Fishery scenario | p. 110 |
| Scenario of the distribution of soil-plant formation areas | p. 110 |
| Investment scenario | p. 112 |
| Development scenarios | p. 115 |
| Climate scenarios | p. 116 |
| Balance between economic growth and social development | p. 119 |
| Social responsibility and economic potential | p. 122 |
| Biogeochemical cycles and quality of life | p. 124 |
| Biological, chemical, and physical indicators of the quality of biogeochemical cycles | p. 129 |
| The role of living processes in biogeochemical cycles | p. 131 |
| Numerical modeling of global carbon change | p. 135 |
| Overview of the global carbon cycle | p. 135 |
| Status and perspectives of carbon cycle science | p. 135 |
| Global Carbon Project and reality | p. 142 |
| A new approach to the study of the global carbon cycle | p. 146 |
| Greenhouse effect and natural disasters | p. 150 |
| Catalog of biospheric sources and sinks of carbon dioxide | p. 152 |
| Biospheric resources and the carbon cycle | p. 157 |
| Eutrophication and greenhouse cycling | p. 158 |
| A new mechanism for carbon dioxide loss in the geosphere | p. 159 |
| Conceptual scheme for a model of the global biogeochemical carbon cycle | p. 160 |
| Carbon exchange processes in the atmosphere-ocean system | p. 165 |
| World Ocean and carbon cycle | p. 165 |
| A zonal model for the carbon cycle in the atmosphere-ocean system | p. 174 |
| Carbon cycle in the World Ocean | p. 176 |
| The World Ocean as a complex hierarchic system | p. 176 |
| Spatial model of the carbon cycle in the ocean | p. 179 |
| The organic carbon cycle in the ocean ecosystem | p. 181 |
| Carbon exchange processes at the atmosphere-land boundary | p. 188 |
| Global carbon cycle model and numerical results | p. 198 |
| The role of vegetation in assimilation of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere | p. 198 |
| The role of the World Ocean in carbon dioxide assimilation from the atmosphere | p. 202 |
| Long-term memory effect in atmospheric CO[subscript 2] concentration | p. 207 |
| Modeling the interactive cycles of greenhouse gases and other chemicals | p. 213 |
| Biogeochemical cycles and the greenhouse effect | p. 213 |
| Globalization of the sulfur cycle | p. 216 |
| Globalization of the phosphorus cycle | p. 224 |
| Globalization of the nitrogen cycle | p. 227 |
| The nitrogen cycle and sustainable development | p. 228 |
| Numerical models of the global nitrogen cycle | p. 229 |
| Atmospheric components of the nitrogen cycle | p. 232 |
| The land surface part of the biospheric nitrogen cycle | p. 236 |
| The hydrosphere and its role in the dynamics of the nitrogen cycle | p. 239 |
| Anthropogenic factors affecting the biospheric nitrogen cycle | p. 240 |
| Biospheric budget of oxygen and ozone in the context of globalization processes | p. 243 |
| Oxygen sources and sinks | p. 246 |
| Indicators of the status of the ozone layer | p. 247 |
| Anthropogenic impacts on the oxygen and ozone cycles | p. 249 |
| Numerical model of the global oxygen cycle | p. 259 |
| The role of water in the global carbon cycle | p. 260 |
| The role of precipitation | p. 260 |
| Water budget in the atmosphere-land system | p. 261 |
| Water exchange processes in the atmosphere-ocean system | p. 266 |
| Numerical model of global water balance | p. 271 |
| Carbon cycle and methane | p. 280 |
| Monitoring the cycles of chemical substances in the environment | p. 291 |
| Observational systems for biogeochemical cycles | p. 291 |
| Data and knowledge bases on environmental biogeochemistry | p. 300 |
| Algorithms for observational data processing | p. 304 |
| A spatiotemporal interpolation algorithm based on the differential approximation method | p. 304 |
| Method of self-organizing models | p. 307 |
| Harmonic function method | p. 308 |
| Method of evolutionary modeling | p. 310 |
| Approximate method for the inverse problem solution to identify the parameters of a monitored object | p. 312 |
| Randomization algorithm for linear fractional approximation | p. 315 |
| Statistical classification of the thermal fields of land cover | p. 316 |
| Assessment of algorithm accuracy | p. 319 |
| Consistency of remote-monitoring information | p. 319 |
| Monitoring and prediction of natural disasters | p. 326 |
| Ecodynamics and natural disasters | p. 326 |
| Natural disaster as a dynamic category of environmental phenomena | p. 329 |
| Search for and detection of natural catastrophes | p. 330 |
| Multi-dimensional analysis of interactivity between global ecodynamics and the Arctic Basin | p. 335 |
| Key problems facing Arctic Basin study | p. 335 |
| The Arctic Basin and its role in global changes | p. 355 |
| Arctic Basin pollution problem | p. 360 |
| Application of modeling technology to the study of pollutant dynamics in the Arctic seas | p. 363 |
| Spatial simulation model of the Arctic ecosystem | p. 363 |
| Marine biota block | p. 367 |
| Hydrological block | p. 372 |
| Pollution block | p. 373 |
| Simulation results | p. 375 |
| Summary and conclusions | p. 384 |
| Interactions in the Arctic system | p. 387 |
| The Angara-Yenisey river system simulation model | p. 388 |
| In situ measurements | p. 394 |
| Experiments using the Angara-Yenisey river system simulation model | p. 400 |
| Biocomplexity in the Arctic system | p. 404 |
| Biocomplexity indicator | p. 405 |
| The biosphere-society system biocomplexity model | p. 407 |
| Biocomplexity problem related to fisheries in the Okhotsk Sea | p. 408 |
| Carbon cycle dynamics in the Arctic system | p. 411 |
| Nature-society system and climate, its interactive component | p. 419 |
| Earth's heat balance, and problems facing society | p. 419 |
| Natural ecodynamics assessed by observational data | p. 426 |
| Reality, suggestions, and fictions | p. 426 |
| Natural ecodynamics and biogeochemical cycles | p. 454 |
| Global climate change studies | p. 464 |
| Regional climate and its prediction | p. 464 |
| Global water balance and sustainable development | p. 466 |
| Globalization of land use strategies | p. 470 |
| Global carbon cycle as an indicator of climate change | p. 472 |
| Ecosystem dynamics and change of living conditions | p. 475 |
| Socio-economic aspects of ecosystem dynamics | p. 477 |
| Present state and prospects for world economic development | p. 479 |
| Biogeochemical cycles and energy | p. 479 |
| Coal and its role in the future of global energy | p. 482 |
| Oil and its role in sustainable development | p. 483 |
| Natural gas and economic growth | p. 483 |
| Nuclear energy: yes or no | p. 484 |
| Prospects and possibility of using hydrogen energy | p. 485 |
| Economic development and renewable resources | p. 486 |
| Modern society and ecological restrictions | p. 490 |
| Global instability | p. 490 |
| Correlation between production and consumption | p. 490 |
| Systems that are vital for life | p. 494 |
| Future analysis of human life | p. 498 |
| Ecological crises and disasters | p. 499 |
| Essence of the problem | p. 499 |
| How natural diasters affect human life | p. 504 |
| Natural disasters as an ecodynamics component | p. 505 |
| Outlook for the future of global ecodynamics | p. 506 |
| Numerical modeling of the dynamics of the nature-society system | p. 509 |
| References | p. 515 |
| Index | p. 559 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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