American Foreign Policy: The Dynamics of Choice in the 21st Century,9780393979343

American Foreign Policy: The Dynamics of Choice in the 21st Century

by
Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780393979343
ISBN10: 0393979342
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2003-12-01
Publisher(s): W W Norton & Co Inc
List Price: $68.25

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Summary

A primary text for courses on American foreign policy, encompassing both foreign policy strategy and foreign policy politics. Part I provides theory and history for establishing a framework for the dynamics of choice, and Part II applies this framework to the post-Cold War foreign policy agenda and major choices the US now faces. Pedagogical features include boxes on major policy and theoretical debates, and excerpts from speeches and documents. Jentleson is director of the Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy and professor of public policy and political science at Duke University.

Table of Contents

List of Maps, Boxed Features, Figures, and Tables xvi
Preface xix
PART I The Context of Us. Foreign Policy: Theory and History
1 The Strategic context: Foreign Policy Strategy and the Essence of Choice
2(28)
Introduction: Foreign Policy in a Time of Transition
2(8)
The Context of the International System
10(2)
Quasi-anarchy
10(1)
System Structure
11(1)
State Structural Position
11(1)
The National Interest: The 4Ps Framework
12(11)
Power
13(3)
Peace
16(2)
Prosperity
18(2)
Principles
20(3)
Dilemmas of Foreign Policy Choice: 4Ps Complementarity and Trade-offs
23(5)
4Ps Complementarity: Optimal, but Infrequent
23(2)
4Ps Trade-offs: More Frequent, More Problematic
25(3)
Summary
28(2)
2 The Domestic Context: Foreign Policy Politics and the Process of Choice
30(44)
Introduction: Dispelling the "Water's Edge" Myth
30(2)
The President, Congress, and "Pennsylvania Avenue Diplomacy"
32(9)
War Powers
33(2)
Treaties and Other International Commitments
35(1)
Appointments of Foreign Policy Officials
36(1)
"Commerce with Foreign Nations"
37(1)
General Powers
38(2)
The Supreme Court as Referee?
40(1)
Executive-Branch Politics
41(8)
Presidents as Foreign Policy Leaders
42(3)
Roles of Senior Foreign Policy Advisers
45(1)
Bureaucratic Politics and Organizational Dynamics
46(3)
Interest Groups and Their Influence
49(10)
A Typology of Foreign Policy Interest Groups
49(3)
Strategies and Techniques of Influence
52(2)
The Extent of Interest-Group Influence: Analytic and Normative Considerations
54(5)
The Impact of the News Media
59(5)
Role of the Media: Cheerleader or Critic?
59(2)
Modes of Influence
61(1)
Freedom of the Press vs. National Security
62(2)
The Nature and Influence of Public Opinion
64(5)
Ignorant or Sensible? The Nature of Public Opinion about Foreign Policy
64(3)
The Influence of Public Opinion on Foreign Policy
67(2)
Summary
69(5)
3 The Historical Context: Great Debates in American Foreign Policy, 1789-1945
74(35)
Introduction: "The Past Is Prologue"
74(1)
Great Debates over Foreign Policy Strategy
75(22)
Isolationism vs. Internationalism
75(5)
Power, Peace: How Big a Military, How Much for Defense?
80(3)
Principles: True to American Democratic Ideals?
83(5)
Prosperity: U.S. Imperialism?
88(3)
Key Case: U.S. Relations with Latin America-Good Neighbor or Regional Hegemon?
91(3)
Key Case: The United States as a Pacific Power
94(3)
Great Debates in Foreign Policy Politics
97(8)
Going to War
97(3)
National Security vs. the Bill of Rights
100(3)
Free Trade vs. Protectionism
103(2)
Summary
105(4)
4 The Cold War Context: Origins and First Stages
109(37)
Introduction: "Present at the Creation"
109(2)
Peace: International Institutionalism and the United Nations
111(3)
The Original Vision of the United Nations
111(2)
The Scaled-Back Reality
113(1)
Power: Nuclear Deterrence and Containment
114(10)
Formative Period, 1947-50
117(4)
Intensification, 1950's to the Early 1960's
121(3)
Principles: Ideological Bipolarity and the Third World "ABC" Approach
124(3)
Support for "ABC Democrats"
124(2)
CIA Covert Action
126(1)
Prosperity: Creation of the Liberal International Economic Order
127(2)
The Major International Economic Institutions
128(1)
Critiques: Hegemony? Neo-Imperialism?
129(1)
Foreign Policy Politics and the Cold War Consensus
129(13)
Pennsylvania Avenue Diplomacy: A One-Way Street
129(4)
Executive-Branch Politics and the Creation of the "National Security State"
133(4)
Interest Groups, the Media, and Public Opinion: Benefits and Dangers of Consensus
137(5)
Summary
142(4)
5 The Cold War Context: Lessons and Legacies
146(54)
Introduction: Turbulent Decades
146(1)
The Vietnam War: America's Most Profound Foreign Policy Setback
147(10)
Foreign Policy Strategy: Failure on all Counts
150(2)
Foreign Policy Politics: Shattering the Cold War Consensus
152(5)
The Rise and Fall of Détente: Major Foreign Policy Shifts
157(12)
Nixon, Kissinger, and the Rise of Détente
157(7)
Reasons for the Fall of Détente
164(5)
1970's Economic Shocks
169(7)
The Nixon Shock, 1971
169(1)
The OPEC Shocks, 1973 and 1979
170(1)
The North-South Conflict and Demands for an "NIEO"
171(3)
Trade with Japan and the Rest of the World
174(2)
Reagan, Gorbachev, and the End of the Cold War
176(17)
The 4Ps under Reagan
176(8)
Confrontational Foreign Policy Politics
184(3)
The End of the Cold War: Why Did the Cold War End, and End Peacefully?
187(6)
Summary
193(7)
Supplemental Readings for Part I: The Context of U.S. Foreign Policy
1.1 Hans J. Morgenthau, Power: The Mainsprings of US. Foreign Policy
200(4)
1.2 Inis L. Claude, Jr., Peace: International Organization and World Order
204(5)
1.3 Gabriel Kolko, Prosperity: The United States and World Economic Power
209(4)
1.4 Tony Smith, Principles: The United States and the Global Struggle for Democracy
213(5)
2.1 Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The President and Congress: What the Founding Fathers Intended
218(6)
2.2 Ole R. Holsti, Public Opinion and Foreign Policy: Challenges to the Almond-Lippmann Consensus
224(9)
3.1 Henry Kissinger, Isolationism vs. Internationalism: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Coming of World War II
233(9)
3.2 Walter LaFeber, Imperialism: The American "New Empire"
242(8)
4.1 Melvyn P Leffler, Cold War Revisionism: The American Conception of National Security and the Beginning of the Cold War, 1945-48
250(8)
4.2 Bernard Brodie, Nuclear Deterrence Doctrine: Strategy in the Missile Age
258(6)
4.3 Mr. X [George Kennan], Containment: The Sources of Soviet Conduct
264(5)
5.1 Leslie H. Gelb, Vietnam: The System Worked
269(4)
5.2 Alexander L. George, Détente: The Search for a "Constructive Relationship"
273(6)
5.3 John Lewis Gaddis, End of the Cold War: The Unexpected Ronald Reagan
279(4)
5.4 Mikhail Gorbachev, End of the Cold War: The Soviet Unions Crucial Role
283(5)
PART II American Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Choices and Challenges
6 Foreign Policy Strategy and Foreign Policy Politics in a New Era
288(62)
Introduction: Crumbling Wall and Crashing Towers
288(1)
Foreign Policy Strategy for a New Era
289(27)
The Nature of the New International System
289(27)
The Unilateralism versus Multilateralism Debate
316(1)
Foreign Policy Politics: Diplomacy Begins at Home
316(28)
Presidential-Congressional Relations: Post-Cold War Pennsylvania Avenue Diplomacy
317(6)
Executive-Branch Politics: Issues of Leadership and Bureaucracy
323(7)
Bureaucratic Politics: Assertive New Actors, Troubled Old Ones
330(3)
Foreign Policy Interest Groups: Proliferation and Intensification
333(3)
The News Media: New Technologies, Recurring Issues
336(4)
Public Opinion: Currents and Cross-Currents
340(4)
Summary
344(6)
7 Power: Still the Name of the Game?
350(77)
Introduction: Power in the 21st Century
350(1)
Geopolitics: Major Powers and Regional Conflicts
351(23)
Russia
351(8)
China
359(6)
Western Europe
365(3)
Japan
368(2)
India-Pakistan
370(2)
North and South Korea
372(1)
The Arab-Israeli Conflict
373(1)
Rethinking Military Strategy
374(24)
Waging Post Cold War Wars
375(7)
The Future of NATO
382(6)
The "Two-MRC" Strategy
388(1)
Nuclear Strategy
389(6)
Defense Spending: How Much Is Enough?
395(3)
The War on Terrorism
398(10)
The Overall Bush Administration Strategy
400(4)
Debate over the Bush Strategy
404(4)
Security Threats from Other Nonstate Actors
408(2)
Drug Wars
408(1)
Global Crime Rings
409(1)
Foreign Policy Politics: Homeland Security and Politics with a New Enemy
410(11)
National Security versus the Bill of Rights
411(6)
The Department of Homeland Security and Executive-Branch Politics
417(4)
Summary
421(6)
8 Peace: Building a Post-Cold War World Order?
427(66)
Introduction: Opportunities and Challenges of Peace-Building
427(1)
The United Nations
428(15)
Peace and Power: Policy Enhancement versus Prerogative Encroachment
431(6)
How Effective Is the UN?
437(6)
Regional Multilateral Organizations
443(8)
Europe: The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
444(2)
The Western Hemisphere: The Organization of American States
446(2)
Africa: The African Union
448(1)
Asia: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations
449(1)
The Middle East: The Multilateral Peace Process
450(1)
Nonproliferation Regimes
451(10)
Nuclear Nonproliferation
452(2)
Chemical and Biological Weapons
454(4)
Lessons of the Iraq Case
458(1)
Land Mines and the Regime-Creating Role of NGOs
459(2)
Ethnic and Other Deadly Conflicts
461(8)
Humanitarian Intervention
461(4)
Preventive Statecraft
465(4)
The United States as a Peace Broker
469(8)
Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Unions Nuclear Weapons, 1991-94
470(1)
Bosnia and the Dayton Accord, 1995
471(2)
The Middle East Peace Process
473(4)
Foreign Policy Politics: The Politics of Peace-Building
477(10)
The UN and U.S. Domestic Politics
477(4)
Congressional Defeat of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, 1999
481(2)
The Politics of Humanitarian Intervention
483(4)
Summary
487(6)
9 Prosperity: The Globalization Agenda
493(54)
Introduction: American Foreign Policy in an Era of Globalization
493(1)
The Globalization Debate
493(7)
International Trade
500(11)
The Uruguay Round, the WTO, and the Doha Round
503(5)
Geo-Economics: Friends as Foes?
508(3)
International Finance
511(5)
1990's Financial Crises
512(2)
Policy Debates over the IMF
514(2)
Sustainable Development
516(18)
Poverty and the Human Condition
517(3)
Overpopulation, World Hunger, and Global Public Health
520(9)
Global Environmental Issues
529(5)
Foreign Policy Politics: The New Politics of Globalization and the Old Politics of Trade
534(9)
NGOs and the Politics of Globalization
534(3)
Making US. Trade Policy: Process and Politics
537(6)
Summary
543(4)
10 Principles: The Coming of a Democratic Century?
547(61)
Introduction: Democracy and the U.S. National Interest
547(2)
Global Democracy and Human Rights: Status and Prospects
549(13)
Post Cold War Democratic Success Stories
549(3)
Limits and Uncertainties
552(10)
Principles and Peace: The Democratic Peace Debate
562(6)
Democratic Peace Theory
564(2)
Critiques and Caveats
566(2)
Principles and Power: Tensions and Trade-Offs
568(6)
Rwanda and the National Interest
568(2)
From ABC to ABT?
570(2)
Principles as Power: Soft Powers Significance
572(2)
Principles and Prosperity: The Economic Sanctions Debate
574(5)
Key Cases
575(2)
Do Sanctions Work?
577(2)
Policy Strategies for Promoting Democracy and Protecting Human Rights
579(19)
Who: Key International Actors
579(4)
How: Key Strategies
583(11)
What: Assessing Effectiveness
594(4)
Foreign Policy Politics: Economic Sanctions and the South Africa Case
598(4)
Summary
602(6)
Supplemental Readings for Part II: American Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Choices and Challenges
6.1 Charles Krauthammer, Unilateralism: The Unipolar Moment Revisited
608(6)
6.2 Kofi A. Annan, et al., Multilateralism: What is the International Community?
614(6)
6.3 Warren P. Strobel, The Media: A Closer Look at the "CNN Effect"
620(9)
7.1 Robert Kagan, United States vs. Western Europe: Power and Weakness
629(4)
7.2 President George W. Bush, The Bush Doctrine: National Security Strategy for the United States (2002)
633(2)
7.3 G. John Ikenberry, Bush Doctrine Critique: Americas Imperial Ambition
635(5)
8.1 Kofi A. Annan, The United Nations: We The Peoples
640(7)
8.2 Bruce W. Jentleson, Realism of Preventive Diplomacy: Coercive Prevention: Normative, Political and Policy Dilemmas
647(6)
9.1 Gary Burtless, et al., Free Trade vs. Protectionism: Globaphobia
653(5)
9.2 U.N. Development Program, Globalization and Global Inequality: Globalization with a Human Face
658(7)
9.3 Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, NGOs: Transnational Networks
665(9)
10.1 Francis Fukuyama, The Triumph of Democracy: End of History
674(5)
10.2 Samuel P Huntington, Ongoing Threats to Democracy: Clash of Civilizations
679(7)
10.3 Edward D. Mansfield and Jack Snyder, Democratic Peace: Democratization and the Danger of War
686
Web Bibliography A-1
Credits A-5
Index I-1

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