Preface |
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xi | |
Prologue: Primary Sources and How To Read Them |
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xv | |
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PART ONE The World in an Era of Transformation and Western Dominance, 1880--1914 |
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1 | (68) |
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Global Interaction in an Era of Imperialism and Migration |
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5 | (32) |
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Imperialism: Western Justifications |
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7 | (6) |
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A Defense of French Imperialism |
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8 | (1) |
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Jules Ferry, Speech Before the French Chamber of Deputies, 1883 |
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8 | (2) |
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Imperialism and the Life of Manly Courage |
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10 | (1) |
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Theodore Roosevelt, The Strenuous Life |
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10 | (3) |
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The Economics of Imperialism |
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13 | (8) |
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Cotton Growing and Rebellion in German East Africa |
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14 | (1) |
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Records of the Maji-Maji Uprising |
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14 | (3) |
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Indian Railroads and the People's Welfare |
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17 | (1) |
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G.V. Joshi, The Economic Results of Free Trade and Railway Extension |
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17 | (4) |
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Responses to Western Domination |
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21 | (9) |
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China and the Foreign Devils |
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22 | (1) |
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Two Proclamations of The Boxer Rebellion |
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22 | (2) |
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``Freedom is My Birthright'' |
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24 | (1) |
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Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Speech to the Indian National Congress, 1907 |
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24 | (3) |
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A Blueprint for Japanese Military Modernization |
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27 | (1) |
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Yamagata Aritomo, Opinion on Military Affairs and Conscription |
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27 | (3) |
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Migrants and Their Experiences |
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30 | (7) |
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Indian Merchants in South Africa and Their Problems |
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31 | (1) |
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Abdool Rehman, Memorandum to Lord Selborne, High Commissioner of Transvaal, October 1905 |
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31 | (3) |
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``The Gates Should No Longer Be Left Unguarded'' |
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34 | (1) |
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Henry Cabot Lodge, Speech to the United States Senate, March 16, 1896 |
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34 | (3) |
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Seeds of Change: Politics, Society, and Culture |
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37 | (32) |
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Revolutionaries and Revolutions in the Early 1900s |
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38 | (12) |
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A Revolutionary Formula for China's Revival |
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39 | (1) |
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Sun Yat-Sen, The Three People's Principles and The Future of the Chinese People |
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39 | (4) |
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A Marxist Blueprint for Russia |
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43 | (1) |
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Platform of the Russian Social Democratic Party, 1903 |
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43 | (4) |
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Agrarian Reform and Revolution in Mexico |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (3) |
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The New Voice of Women in the Early Twentieth Century |
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50 | (10) |
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An Early Voice of Arab Feminism |
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52 | (1) |
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Bahithat al-Badiya, A Lecture in the Club of the Umma Party, 1909 |
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52 | (3) |
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``Race Decadence'' and the U.S. Women's Movement |
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55 | (1) |
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Anna Howard Shaw, Presidential Addresses at the Conventions of National American Woman Suffrage Association, 1905, 1906 |
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55 | (3) |
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An Attack on Foot-binding in China |
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58 | (1) |
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Qiu Jin, An Address to Two Hundred Million Fellow Countrywomen |
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58 | (2) |
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New Trends in Western Culture and Thought |
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60 | (9) |
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``God Is Dead. . .We Have Killed Him'' |
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62 | (1) |
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Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science and On The Genealogy of Morals |
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62 | (3) |
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Aesthetics for the Machine Age |
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65 | (1) |
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Excerpts from Futurist Manifestos, 1909--1914 |
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65 | (4) |
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PART TWO Decades of War, Economic Upheaval, and Revolution, 1914--1939 |
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69 | (166) |
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World War I and Its Global Significance |
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73 | (36) |
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The Trauma of the Trenches |
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74 | (10) |
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75 | (1) |
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Popular Art and Poster Art from Germany, England, Australia, and France |
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75 | (4) |
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The Reality of War in Verse |
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79 | (1) |
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Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est and Disabled |
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79 | (2) |
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The Reality of War in Art |
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81 | (1) |
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Christopher Nevinson, The Harvest of Battle; Otto Dix, Storm Troop Advancing Under Gas |
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81 | (3) |
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The Century's First Genocide |
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84 | (7) |
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85 | (1) |
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Mary L. Graffam, Letter from Turkey, Summer 1915 |
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85 | (3) |
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An Official Version of the Deportations |
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88 | (1) |
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Talaat Pasha, Posthumous Memoirs |
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88 | (3) |
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The Russian Revolution and the Beginnings of the Soviet State |
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91 | (7) |
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Lenin's Call for Revolution |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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Communist Decrees and Legislation, 1917--1918 |
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94 | (4) |
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98 | (11) |
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The Allies' ``Last Horrible Triumph'' |
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99 | (1) |
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Comments of the German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference on the Conditions of Peace, October 1919 |
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99 | (4) |
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The Betrayal of Arab Nationalism |
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103 | (1) |
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General Syrian Congress of Damascus, Resolution of July 2, 1919 |
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103 | (2) |
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The Chinese May Fourth Movement and the Versailles Treaty |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (4) |
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Decades of Crisis in the Western World and the Soviet Union |
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109 | (34) |
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Modernism and Mass Culture Between the Wars |
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111 | (8) |
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112 | (1) |
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Walter Gropius, Dessau Bauhaus --- Principles of Bauhaus Construction; Examples of Bauhaus Design |
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112 | (5) |
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Perils of Mass Culture: The Threat to Morality |
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117 | (1) |
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Senator Henry L. Myers, U.S. Senate Speech, June 29, 1922 |
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117 | (2) |
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The Impact of the Great Depression |
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119 | (7) |
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The Victims of the Depression in Germany |
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120 | (1) |
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H. Hessel Tiltman, Slump! A Study of Stricken Europe Today |
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120 | (3) |
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Government Promises a ``New Deal'' |
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123 | (1) |
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Franklin D. Roosevelt, Annual Address to Congress, January 4, 1935 |
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123 | (3) |
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Nazism in Theory and Practice |
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126 | (9) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (5) |
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Motherhood, Duty, and the Nazi Ideal |
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132 | (1) |
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Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, Speech to the National Socialist Women's Association, September, 1935 |
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132 | (3) |
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The Stalin Revolution in the Soviet Union |
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135 | (8) |
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The Soviet Model of Economic Planning |
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135 | (1) |
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Joseph Stalin, The Results of the First Five-Year Plan |
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135 | (4) |
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The Abortion Debate Under Stalin |
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139 | (1) |
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Letters to Izvestiya on the Abortion Issue, May-June 1936 |
|
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139 | (4) |
|
Latin America in an Era of Economic Challenge and Political Change |
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143 | (24) |
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New Social and Political Currents: Feminism and Indigenismo |
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145 | (8) |
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Costs and Benefits of Latin American Feminism |
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147 | (1) |
|
Amanda Labarca, Where is Woman Going? |
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147 | (2) |
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The Indian in Peru: A Marxist Perspective |
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149 | (1) |
|
Jose Carlos Mariategui, The Problem of the Indian and the Problem of the Land |
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149 | (4) |
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Political Responses to the Great Depression |
|
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153 | (7) |
|
Economic Nationalism in Mexico |
|
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154 | (1) |
|
Lazaro Cardenas, Speech to the Nation |
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154 | (3) |
|
Brazilian Mass Politics and the Estado Novo |
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157 | (1) |
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Getulio Vargas, Excerpts from Speeches and Interviews, 1937--1940 |
|
|
157 | (3) |
|
The Mexican Muralists and the Revolution in Mexican Art |
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160 | (7) |
|
The Beginnings of the Mexican Muralist Movement |
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161 | (1) |
|
Jose Clemenre Orozco, Autobiography |
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161 | (2) |
|
Political Visions of the Mexican Muralists |
|
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163 | (1) |
|
Jose Clemente Orozco, Hispanic-American Society, and Diego Rivera, Imperialism |
|
|
163 | (4) |
|
Africa Under Colonial Rule |
|
|
167 | (28) |
|
European Perspectives on Africa's Future |
|
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169 | (7) |
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Blacks in a White Man's Africa |
|
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170 | (1) |
|
Jan Smuts, Rhodes Memorial Lectures |
|
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170 | (3) |
|
Colonialism as Trusteeship |
|
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173 | (1) |
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Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg, The Keystone |
|
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173 | (3) |
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African Society and Identity Under Colonial Rule |
|
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176 | (8) |
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177 | (1) |
|
James Aggrey, Parable of the Eagle |
|
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177 | (1) |
|
The Value of African Religion |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
Kabaka Daudi Chwa, Education, Civilization, and ``Foreignization'' in Buganda |
|
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178 | (3) |
|
White Rule, African Families |
|
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181 | (1) |
|
Charlotte Maxeke, Social Conditions Among Bantu Women and Girls |
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|
181 | (3) |
|
Nationalism, Pan-Africanism, and Anticolonialism |
|
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184 | (11) |
|
Colonialism and West Africa's Educated Elite |
|
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185 | (1) |
|
Resolutions of the National Congress of British West Africa, 1920 |
|
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185 | (3) |
|
A Plea to the World for Racial Equality |
|
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188 | (1) |
|
1921 Pan-African Congress, London Manifesto |
|
|
188 | (3) |
|
African Militancy in the 1930s |
|
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191 | (1) |
|
Gilbert Coka, The African Liberator, Our Message |
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191 | (4) |
|
Asia in an Era of Nationalism and Revolution |
|
|
195 | (40) |
|
Political and Religious Currents in the Middle East |
|
|
197 | (14) |
|
Secularism and Nationalism in Republican Turkey |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
Mustafa Kemal, Speech to the Congress of the People's Republican Party |
|
|
198 | (5) |
|
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203 | (1) |
|
Hayyin Nahman Bialik, Speech at the Inauguration of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
|
|
203 | (4) |
|
A Call for Islamic Social and Political Action |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
The Muslim Brotherhood, Toward the Light |
|
|
207 | (4) |
|
Anticolonialism in India and Southeast Asia |
|
|
211 | (10) |
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212 | (1) |
|
Mohandas Gandhi, Indian Home Rule |
|
|
212 | (4) |
|
A Muslim's View of India's Future |
|
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216 | (1) |
|
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Speech to the Muslim League, 1940 |
|
|
216 | (2) |
|
Revolution and Oppression in Vietnam |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Nguyen Thai Hoc, Letter to the French Chamber of Deputies, 1930 |
|
|
218 | (3) |
|
Intellectual Ferment and Revolution in China |
|
|
221 | (8) |
|
The New Culture Movement and the West |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
Hu Shi, Our Attitude Toward Modern Civilization of the West |
|
|
222 | (3) |
|
Basic Tenets of Chinese Communism |
|
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225 | (1) |
|
Mao Zedong, Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan; Strategic Problems of China's Revolutionary War |
|
|
225 | (4) |
|
Nationalism and Militarism in Japan |
|
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229 | (6) |
|
The Agenda of Ultranationalism |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
The Black Dragon Society, Anniversary Statement, 1930 |
|
|
230 | (3) |
|
Foreign Policy Priorities on the Eve of the China War |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Fundamental Principles of National Policy, 1936 |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
PART THREE From World War II to the Early 1970s: Decades of Conflict, Decolonization, and Economic Recovery |
|
|
235 | (136) |
|
World War II and Its Aftermath |
|
|
239 | (38) |
|
Appeasement and the Origins of World War II in Europe |
|
|
241 | (7) |
|
The Search for ``Peace in our Time'' |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
Neville Chamberlain, Excerpts from Correspondence, Diary, and Speeches |
|
|
242 | (3) |
|
``A Disaster of the First Magnitude'' |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
Winston Churchill, Speech to Parliament, October 5, 1938 |
|
|
245 | (3) |
|
The Final Solution: Perpetrators and Victims |
|
|
248 | (8) |
|
``Fuhrer, You Order, We Obey'' |
|
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249 | (1) |
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|
249 | (4) |
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253 | (1) |
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|
253 | (3) |
|
The Dawn of the Atomic Age |
|
|
256 | (10) |
|
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257 | (1) |
|
|
257 | (3) |
|
``The Face of War Is the Face of Death'' |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Henry L. Stimson, The Decision To Use the Atomic Bomb |
|
|
260 | (3) |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Iwao Nakamura and Atsuko Tsujioka, Recollections |
|
|
263 | (3) |
|
From World War II to the Cold War |
|
|
266 | (11) |
|
The Sources of Soviet Conduct |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
George Kennan, The Long Telegram |
|
|
267 | (4) |
|
U.S. Drive for World Supremacy |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
Nikolai Novikov, Telegram, September 27, 1947 |
|
|
271 | (6) |
|
The Industrialized West in an Era of Economic Growth and Social Change |
|
|
277 | (38) |
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|
279 | (10) |
|
Great Britain Lets Go of India |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
Debate in the House of Commons, March 1947 |
|
|
280 | (5) |
|
France Lets Go of Algeria |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
Charles de Gaulle, Comments on Algeria, April 11, 1961 |
|
|
285 | (4) |
|
Discontent in the Midst of Prosperity: The United States in the 1950s and Early 1960s |
|
|
289 | (12) |
|
``The Problem That Has No Name'' |
|
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290 | (1) |
|
Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique |
|
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290 | (3) |
|
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293 | (1) |
|
Martin Luther King, Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail |
|
|
293 | (3) |
|
The Beginnings of Modern Environmentalism |
|
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296 | (1) |
|
Rachel Carson, Silent Spring |
|
|
296 | (5) |
|
The Late 1960s: Years of Protest and Polarization |
|
|
301 | (14) |
|
From Civil Rights to Black Power |
|
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303 | (1) |
|
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, We Want Black Power |
|
|
303 | (3) |
|
The Emergence of Militant Feminism |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Feminist Manifestoes from the Late 1960s |
|
|
306 | (4) |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
Three Student Pamphlets from the University of Paris |
|
|
310 | (5) |
|
Worlds Apart: The USSR, the Soviet Bloc, and China |
|
|
315 | (24) |
|
Dissent and Repression in the Soviet Union |
|
|
317 | (5) |
|
A Plea for Democratic Reform |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Andrei Sakharov, Roy Medvedev, and Valentin Turchin, Letter to Comrades Brezhnev, Kosygin, and Podgorny |
|
|
318 | (3) |
|
The Dissidents' Adversary |
|
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321 | (1) |
|
Secret KGB Report, December 21, 1970 |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
Unrest in Eastern Europe and Soviet Response |
|
|
322 | (6) |
|
Socialism with a Human Face |
|
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324 | (1) |
|
Ludvik Vaculik, Two Thousand Words to Workers, Farmers, Scientists, Artists, and Everyone |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
Leonid Brezhnev, Speech to the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers' Party |
|
|
326 | (2) |
|
Utopian Dreams in Mao's China |
|
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328 | (11) |
|
Industrial Heroism in the Great Leap Forward |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
Tan Manni, Lushan's Pig-Iron ``Sputnik'' |
|
|
329 | (3) |
|
Creating a New China in the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution |
|
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332 | (1) |
|
One Hundred Items for Destroying the Old and Establishing the New |
|
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332 | (3) |
|
Visualizing the New China |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
Poster Art from The Cultural Revolution |
|
|
335 | (4) |
|
The Emergence of a Third World |
|
|
339 | (32) |
|
New Sources of Conflict in the Middle East |
|
|
341 | (6) |
|
Palestine as an Arab Homeland |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
The Palestine National Charter |
|
|
342 | (3) |
|
Palestine as a Jewish Homeland |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Chaim Herzog, Speech to the United Nations General Assembly |
|
|
345 | (2) |
|
Revolution and Reaction in Latin America |
|
|
347 | (9) |
|
``Create Two, Three, Many Vietnams'' |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
Ernesto ``Che'' Guevara, Message to the Tricontinental Conference |
|
|
349 | (2) |
|
The Fall of Allende and the CIA |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
Church Committee Report on Covert Actions in Chile, 1963--1973 |
|
|
351 | (5) |
|
Racism and Ethnic Conflict in Independent Africa |
|
|
356 | (8) |
|
The Onset of Military Rule in Uganda |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Statements from General Idi Amin and the Ugandan Army |
|
|
357 | (3) |
|
Apartheid's Bitter Fruits |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Nelson Mandela, The Rivonia Trial Speech to the Court |
|
|
360 | (4) |
|
South and Southeast Asia After Colonialism |
|
|
364 | (7) |
|
Nehru's Blueprint for India |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Jawaharlal Nehru, Speeches and Writings, 1952--1955 |
|
|
365 | (3) |
|
Two Perspectives on the War in Vietnam |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Ho Chi Minh-Johnson Correspondence, February 1967 |
|
|
368 | (3) |
|
PART FOUR Century's Close: From Cold War to Globalization |
|
|
371 | (82) |
|
The 1970s and 1980s: Years of Challenge and Change |
|
|
373 | (50) |
|
New Forces in the International Economy |
|
|
375 | (8) |
|
Middle Eastern Politics and the Price of Oil |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Mana Saeed al-Otaiba, The Arab Oil Weapon |
|
|
376 | (3) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Akio Morita, Made in Japan |
|
|
379 | (4) |
|
Environmentalism, Economic Development, and Social Justice |
|
|
383 | (10) |
|
Saving the Rain Forest in Brazil |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Chico Mendes, Fight for the Forest |
|
|
385 | (4) |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Li Boning and Hou Xueyu, Views of China's Three Gorges Project |
|
|
389 | (4) |
|
Religion and Politics in the 1970s and 1980s |
|
|
393 | (10) |
|
Latin American Catholicism and the Theology of Liberation |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Final Document of the Third General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate |
|
|
394 | (3) |
|
A Platform for the Religious Right in the United States |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
Jerry Falwell, An Agenda for the 1980s |
|
|
397 | (3) |
|
The Place of Hinduism in Modern India |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
400 | (3) |
|
Third World Women Between Tradition and Change |
|
|
403 | (8) |
|
Women and Iran's Islamic Revolution |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
Zand Dokht, The Revolution that Failed Women |
|
|
404 | (2) |
|
An African Perspective on Female Circumcision |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Association of African Women for Research and Development, A Statement on Genital Mutilation |
|
|
406 | (3) |
|
The Impact of the Indian Dowry System |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
Communism's Reform, Communism's Retreat |
|
|
411 | (12) |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Deng Xiaoping, Speeches and Writings |
|
|
412 | (4) |
|
Visualizing China in the Modernization Era |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Chinese Poster Art from the 1980s |
|
|
416 | (2) |
|
A Plan to Save Communism in the Soviet Union |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika |
|
|
418 | (5) |
|
The Century's Last Decade |
|
|
423 | (30) |
|
The Debate on Free Trade and Economic Globalization |
|
|
425 | (7) |
|
The Dangers of NAFTA, GATT and Free Trade |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Ralph Nader, Free Trade and the Decline of Democracy |
|
|
426 | (3) |
|
Formulas for Economic Success and Failure |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
David R. Henderson, Economic Miracles |
|
|
429 | (3) |
|
The New Immigration and Its Critics |
|
|
432 | (8) |
|
The Failure of Multiculturalism |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Jorg Haider, The Freedom 1 Mean |
|
|
433 | (4) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Roy H. Beck, The Case Against Immigration |
|
|
437 | (3) |
|
Ethnic Hatreds and Racial Reconciliation |
|
|
440 | (13) |
|
Serbs, Bosnians, and Ethnic Cleansing |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
T.D. Allman, Serbia's Blood War |
|
|
441 | (4) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Fergal Keane, Season of Blood |
|
|
445 | (4) |
|
Let There Be Justice and Peace for All |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
Nelson Mandela, Presidential Inauguration Speech, May 10, 1994 |
|
|
449 | (4) |
Sources |
|
453 | |