A Short Course in Grammar,9780393973815

A Short Course in Grammar

by
ISBN13: 9780393973815
ISBN10: 0393973816
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1999-05-17
Publisher(s): W. W. Norton & Company
List Price: $114.85

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Summary

Recognizing that the goal of the grammar course is to improve students'grasp of American English grammar, and not to make students intolinguists, Paul Hopper has written a streamlined, concise textbook. Heavoids getting caught up in details that are interesting to linguistsbut confusing to students, keeping his steady focus on presentingmaterial as briefly and as clearly as possible.

Table of Contents

Preface xi
The English Language: Preliminary Concepts
3(21)
A World Language
3(1)
The Historical Background
3(3)
A Complex Language
6(4)
Written Language
10(5)
``Grammar''
15(2)
Conclusion: Convention and Change
17(2)
Exercises
19(5)
Words
24(14)
Parts of Speech
24(1)
The Meanings of Categories
24(1)
The Categories
25(1)
Nouns and Pronouns
26(1)
Verbs and Auxiliaries
27(2)
Adjectives
29(1)
Adverbs
30(1)
Prepositions
31(2)
Determiners
33(1)
Conjunctions (Subordinators and Coordinators)
34(1)
Summary
35(1)
Exercises
36(2)
Phrases
38(17)
Phrases
38(1)
The Notion of ``Phrase'' in Grammar
38(1)
The Analysis of Declarative Statements
39(1)
Diagramming: Some Introductory Concepts
40(2)
Summary
42(1)
Form-Function Diagrams
43(4)
The Triangle Convention for Abbreviating a Tree
47(1)
The Notion of ``Head of a Phrase''
48(2)
Some Important Terms
50(1)
Exercises
51(2)
Appendix: Some Tips on Drawing Form-Function Diagrams
53(2)
Sentences and Their Parts
55(11)
Sentence Types
55(1)
Sentences
55(1)
The Classification of Sentence Types
55(7)
Ellipsis
62(1)
Diagramming Sentences
62(1)
Exercises
63(3)
Objects and Adjuncts
66(26)
Elements of the Predicate
66(1)
Elements That Precede the Core Sentence
66(4)
Phrases That Follow the Core Sentence
70(3)
Objects
73(9)
A Formal Definition of the Term ``Phrase''
82(1)
Subject Complements
83(2)
Sentence Patterns
85(1)
Exercises
86(6)
The Verb Phrase
92(22)
The Verb Phrase
92(1)
Forms of the Verb
92(4)
Tense and Aspect
96(5)
Modality
101(3)
The Operator
104(2)
Verb-Auxiliary Homophony
106(1)
Problematical Verb Forms
106(1)
Other Aspects and Modalities
107(3)
Exercises
110(2)
Appendix: Diagramming the Verb Phrase
112(2)
Prepositional Phrases and Adverbials
114(21)
Prepositions and Adverbs
114(1)
Prepositional Phrases
115(1)
Forms and Functions of Prepositional Phrases
115(6)
Prepositions in Phrasal Verbs
121(5)
Prepositional Verbs
126(2)
Adverbials inside the Core Sentence
128(3)
A Survey of Basic Sentence Patterns
131(1)
Exercises
131(4)
The Noun Phrase I: Pronouns, Nouns, and Determiners
135(23)
Noun Phrases
135(1)
Pronouns
135(6)
Special Pronouns
141(2)
Demonstrative Pronouns
143(1)
The Impersonal Pronoun one
143(1)
Nouns
144(6)
Determiners
150(4)
Exercises
154(4)
The Noun Phrase II: Modifiers of the Head Noun
158(18)
Elaborations of the Noun Phrase
158(1)
Compound Nouns
158(3)
Possessive Nouns
161(1)
Adjectival Phrases
162(8)
Prepositional Phrases as Modifiers
170(1)
Nominalizations (Infinitives and Gerunds)
171(2)
Exercises
173(3)
Negation
176(9)
Negative Sentences
176(1)
Negation in the Verb Phrase
176(3)
Negation Elsewhere in the Sentence
179(4)
Exercises
183(2)
The Passive
185(12)
A Review of the Auxiliaries
185(1)
The Forms of the Passive
186(4)
The Agentless Passive
190(1)
The Passive of the Prepositional Verb
191(1)
Functions of the Passive in Discourse
192(2)
Exercises
194(3)
Coordination
197(15)
Introduction
197(1)
The Coordination of Full Sentences
198(1)
The Coordination of Other Phrases
199(7)
Disjunction
206(3)
Exercises
209(3)
Subordination: Relative Clauses
212(16)
An Introduction to Complex Sentences
212(1)
Relative Clauses as Modifiers
213(2)
The wh-Word Relative Pronouns
215(1)
Case in the Relative Clause
215(2)
Relative Clauses Based on Prepositional Complements
217(4)
Some General Pointers on Diagramming Relative Clauses
221(1)
Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses
221(2)
Zero Relative Pronoun
223(1)
Elliptical Relative Clauses
224(1)
Other Relative Pronouns
224(1)
Exercises
225(3)
Subordination: Noun Clauses I
228(14)
An Introduction to Noun Clauses
228(1)
Noun Clauses and Subordinators
229(4)
Grammatical Functions of the Noun Clause
233(2)
Noun Clauses as Complements of Prepositions
235(5)
Exercises
240(2)
Subordination: Noun Clauses II
242(14)
Noun Clauses, Part II
242(1)
Indirect Statements and Indirect Questions
242(4)
Noun Clauses as Adjectival Complements
246(1)
Noun Clauses as Subject Complements
247(1)
Noun Clauses as Appositions
247(2)
Nonfinite Noun Clauses
249(4)
Exercises
253(3)
Subordination: Adverbial Clauses
256(14)
Pre- and Postcore Clauses
256(1)
Subordinators in Adverbial Clauses
257(1)
Adverbial Clauses as Noncore Adverbials
258(2)
Finite Adverbial Clauses
260(5)
Nonfinite Adverbial Clauses
265(2)
Exercises
267(3)
Grammar and Discourse
270(13)
Grammar and Discourse
270(1)
Balancing Information
271(2)
New and Old Information in the English Sentence
273(6)
Pre- and Postcore Adverbial Phrases
279(1)
Conclusion: Grammar as Control and Opportunity
280(1)
Exercises
280(3)
Terms and Abbreviations Used in Form-Function Diagrams 283(2)
Index 285

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