Psychology in Context
by Kosslyn, Stephen M.; Rosenberg, Robin S.Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2007-01-01
Publisher(s): Allyn & Bacon
Other versions by this Author
List Price: $177.80
Rent Textbook
Select for Price
New Textbook
We're Sorry
Sold Out
Used Textbook
We're Sorry
Sold Out
eTextbook
We're Sorry
Not Available
How Marketplace Works:
- This item is offered by an independent seller and not shipped from our warehouse
- Item details like edition and cover design may differ from our description; see seller's comments before ordering.
- Sellers much confirm and ship within two business days; otherwise, the order will be cancelled and refunded.
- Marketplace purchases cannot be returned to eCampus.com. Contact the seller directly for inquiries; if no response within two days, contact customer service.
- Additional shipping costs apply to Marketplace purchases. Review shipping costs at checkout.
Summary
To be the most comprehensive neuroscience introductory psychology book, every chapter contains much new research and cutting-edge coverage, all accessibly presented with engaging real-world examples that make the material relevant and interesting to students.
Table of Contents
| Preface | p. xvii |
| Integrated Coverage of Gender and Cross-Cultural Issues | p. xxxiv |
| About the Authors | p. 1 |
| Psychology: Yesterday and Today | p. 2 |
| The Science of Psychology: Getting to Know You | p. 4 |
| What Is Psychology? | p. 4 |
| Levels of Analysis: The Complete Psychology | p. 5 |
| Psychology Then and Now: The Evolution of a Science | p. 10 |
| Early Days: Beginning to Map Mental Processes and Behavior | p. 11 |
| Psychodynamic Theory: More Than Meets the Eye | p. 14 |
| Behaviorism: The Power of the Environment | p. 15 |
| Humanistic Psychology | p. 16 |
| The Cognitive Revolution | p. 17 |
| Evolutionary Psychology | p. 18 |
| The State of the Union: Psychology Today | p. 21 |
| The Psychological Way: What Today's Psychologists Do | p. 22 |
| Clinical and Counseling Psychology: A Healing Profession | p. 22 |
| Academic Psychology: Teaching and Research | p. 24 |
| Applied Psychology: Better Living Through Psychology | p. 25 |
| The Changing Face of Psychology | p. 27 |
| Ethics: Doing It Right | p. 29 |
| Ethics in Research | p. 29 |
| Ethics in Clinical Practice | p. 30 |
| New Frontiers: Neuroethics | p. 32 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 33 |
| The Research Process: How We Find Things Out | p. 36 |
| The Scientific Method: Designed to Be Valid | p. 38 |
| Specifying a Problem | p. 38 |
| Observing Events | p. 38 |
| Forming a Hypothesis | p. 39 |
| Testing the Hypothesis | p. 39 |
| Formulating a Theory | p. 40 |
| Testing the Theory | p. 40 |
| The Psychologist's Toolbox: Techniques of Scientific Research | p. 42 |
| Descriptive Research: Just the Facts, Ma'am | p. 42 |
| Correlational Research: Do Birds of a Feather Flock Together? | p. 44 |
| Experimental Research: Manipulating and Measuring | p. 45 |
| Be a Critical Consumer of Psychology | p. 49 |
| Statistics: Measuring Reality | p. 54 |
| Descriptive Statistics: Telling It Like It Is | p. 55 |
| Inferential Statistics: Sorting the Wheat From the Chaff | p. 58 |
| Lying With Statistics: When Good Numbers Go Bad | p. 61 |
| Looking at Levels: Graph Design for the Human Mind | p. 65 |
| How to Think About Research Studies | p. 66 |
| Reading Research Reports: The QALMRI Method | p. 67 |
| Writing Your Own Research Papers | p. 00 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 73 |
| The Biology of Mind and Behavior: The Brain in Action | p. 76 |
| Brain Circuits: Making Connections | p. 78 |
| The Neuron: A Powerful Computer | p. 78 |
| Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators: Bridging the Gap | p. 82 |
| Glial Cells: More Than the Neurons' Helpmates | p. 86 |
| The Nervous System: An Orchestra With Many Members | p. 88 |
| The Peripheral Nervous System: A Moving Story | p. 88 |
| The Central Nervous System: Reflex and Reflection | p. 90 |
| Spotlight on the Brain: How It Divides and Conquers | p. 94 |
| The Cerebral Cortex: The Seat of the Mind | p. 94 |
| The Dual Brain: Thinking With Both Barrels | p. 97 |
| Beneath the Cortex: The Inner Brain | p. 100 |
| The Neuroendocrine and Neuroimmune Systems: More Brain-Body Connections | p. 104 |
| Looking at Levels: The Musical Brain | p. 106 |
| Probing the Brain | p. 109 |
| The Damaged Brain: What's Missing? | p. 109 |
| Recording Techniques: The Music of the Cells | p. 109 |
| Neuroimaging: Picturing the Living Brain | p. 111 |
| Stimulation: Tickling the Neurons | p. 114 |
| Genes, Brain, and Environment: The Brain in the World | p. 115 |
| Genes as Blueprints: Born to Be Wild? | p. 115 |
| Behavioral Genetics | p. 122 |
| Evolution and the Brain: The Best of All Possible Brains? | p. 123 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 127 |
| Sensation and Perception: How the World Enters the Mind | p. 132 |
| Vision: Window on the World | p. 134 |
| Visual Sensation: More Than Meets the Eye | p. 135 |
| Phase 1 of Visual Perception: Organizing the World | p. 144 |
| Phase 2 of Visual Perception: Recognition and Identification | p. 150 |
| Combining What and Where: Faces and Gazes | p. 155 |
| Attention: The Gateway to Awareness | p. 157 |
| Looking at Levels: The Essential Features of Good Looks | p. 163 |
| Hearing | p. 165 |
| Auditory Sensation: If a Tree Falls but Nobody Hears It, Is There a Sound? | p. 165 |
| Phase 1 of Auditory Perception: Organizing the Auditory World | p. 169 |
| Phase 2 of Auditory Perception: Recognition and Identification | p. 171 |
| Sensing and Perceiving in other Ways | p. 174 |
| Smell: A Nose for News? | p. 174 |
| Taste: The Mouth Has It | p. 177 |
| Somasthetic Senses: Not Just Skin Deep | p. 179 |
| Other Senses | p. 181 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 183 |
| Consciousness: Focus on Awareness | p. 188 |
| The Nature of Consciousness | p. 190 |
| Functions of Consciousness | p. 190 |
| The Experience of Consciousness | p. 191 |
| Altered States of Consciousness | p. 191 |
| To Sleep, Perchance to Dream | p. 193 |
| Stages of Sleep: Working Through the Night | p. 193 |
| Sleep Deprivation: Is Less Just as Good? | p. 196 |
| The Function of Sleep | p. 199 |
| Dream On | p. 200 |
| The Brain Asleep | p. 202 |
| Troubled Sleep | p. 205 |
| Looking at Levels: Recovery From Jet Lag | p. 208 |
| Hypnosis and Meditation | p. 209 |
| What Is Hypnosis? | p. 210 |
| Individual Differences: Who Is Hypnotizable? | p. 211 |
| Hypnosis: Role Play or Brain State? | p. 212 |
| Hypnosis as a Tool: Practical Applications | p. 213 |
| Hypnosis as Possession Trance | p. 214 |
| Meditation | p. 214 |
| Drugs and Alcohol | p. 218 |
| Substance Use and Abuse | p. 218 |
| Depressants: Focus on Alcohol | p. 220 |
| Stimulants: Focus on Cocaine | p. 224 |
| Narcotic Analgesics: Focus on Heroin | p. 226 |
| Hallucinogens: Focus on LSD | p. 227 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 229 |
| Learning | p. 232 |
| Classical Conditioning | p. 235 |
| Pavlov's Experiments | p. 235 |
| Classical Conditioning: How It Works | p. 237 |
| Dissecting Conditioning: Mechanisms | p. 242 |
| Classical Conditioning Applied | p. 244 |
| Operant Conditioning | p. 250 |
| The Roots of Operant Conditioning: Its Discovery and How It Works | p. 251 |
| Principles of Operant Conditioning | p. 252 |
| Beyond Basic Reinforcement | p. 258 |
| The Operant Brain | p. 262 |
| Looking at Levels: Facial Expressions as Reinforcement and Punishment | p. 265 |
| Cognitive and Social Learning | p. 267 |
| Cognitive Learning | p. 267 |
| Insight Learning: Seeing the Connection | p. 268 |
| Observational Learning: To See Is to Know | p. 269 |
| Learning From Models | p. 271 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 274 |
| Memory: Living with Yesterday | p. 276 |
| Encoding Information into Memory: Time and Space Are of the Essence | p. 278 |
| Types of Memory Stores | p. 279 |
| Making Memories | p. 283 |
| Storing Information: Not Just One LTM | p. 290 |
| Modality-Specific Memories: The Multimedia Brain | p. 291 |
| Semantic Versus Episodic Memory | p. 291 |
| Explicit Versus Implicit Memories: Not Just the Facts, Ma'am | p. 292 |
| Biological Foundations of Memory | p. 296 |
| Looking at Levels: Autobiographical Memory | p. 299 |
| Retrieving Information from Memory: More Than Reactivating the Past | p. 301 |
| The Act of Remembering: Reconstructing Buried Cities | p. 301 |
| Recognition Versus Recall | p. 302 |
| Fact, Fiction, and Forgetting: When Memory Goes Wrong | p. 307 |
| False Memories | p. 307 |
| Forgetting: Many Ways to Lose It | p. 310 |
| Repressed Memories: Real or Imagined? | p. 313 |
| Improving Memory: Tricks and Tools | p. 315 |
| Enhancing Encoding: New Habits and Special Tricks | p. 315 |
| Enhancing Memory Retrieval: Knowing Where and How to Dig | p. 319 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 321 |
| Language and Thinking: What Humans Do Best | p. 324 |
| Language: More Than Meaningful Sounds | p. 326 |
| The Essentials: What Makes Language Language? | p. 326 |
| Language Development: Out of the Mouths of Babes | p. 335 |
| Other Ways to Communicate: Are They Language? | p. 342 |
| Bilingualism: A Window of Opportunity? | p. 344 |
| Means of Thought: Words, Images, Concepts | p. 346 |
| Words: Inner Speech and Spoken Thoughts | p. 347 |
| Mental Imagery: Perception Without Sensation | p. 348 |
| Concepts: Neither Images nor Words | p. 352 |
| Problem Solving | p. 356 |
| Solving Problems: More Than Inspiration | p. 357 |
| Expertise: Why Hard Work Pays Off | p. 362 |
| Artificial Intelligence | p. 364 |
| Overcoming Obstacles to Problem Solving | p. 365 |
| Logic, Reasoning, and Decision Making | p. 366 |
| Are People Logical? | p. 367 |
| Heuristics and Biases: Cognitive Illusions? | p. 369 |
| Emotions and Decision Making: Having a Hunch | p. 371 |
| Looking at Levels: The Ultimatum Game | p. 372 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 375 |
| Types of Intelligence: What Does It Mean to Be Smart? | p. 378 |
| Measuring Intelligence: What Is IQ? | p. 380 |
| A Brief History of Intelligence Testing | p. 381 |
| Scoring IQ Tests: Measuring the Mind | p. 383 |
| IQ and Achievement: IQ in the Real World | p. 384 |
| Analyzing Intelligence: One Ability or Many? | p. 385 |
| Psychometric Approaches: IQ, g, and Specialized Abilities | p. 386 |
| Emotional Intelligence: Knowing Feelings | p. 391 |
| Multiple Intelligences: More Than One Way to Shine? | p. 392 |
| What Makes Us Smart? Nature and Nurture | p. 395 |
| The Machinery of Intelligence | p. 396 |
| Smart Genes, Smart Environment: A Single System | p. 399 |
| Group Differences in Intelligence | p. 404 |
| Boosting IQ: Pumping Up the Mind's Muscle | p. 409 |
| Looking at Levels: Stereotype Threat | p. 412 |
| Diversity in Intelligence | p. 414 |
| Mental Retardation: People With Special Needs | p. 414 |
| The Gifted | p. 416 |
| Creative Smarts | p. 417 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 423 |
| Emotion and Motivation: Feeling and Striving | p. 426 |
| Emotion: I Feel, Therefore I Am | p. 429 |
| Types of Emotion: What Can You Feel? | p. 429 |
| What Causes Emotions? | p. 432 |
| Expressing Emotions: Letting It All Hang Out? | p. 440 |
| Perceiving Emotions: A Form of Mind Reading | p. 444 |
| Looking at Levels: Lie Detection | p. 446 |
| Motivation and Reward: More Than Feeling Good | p. 449 |
| Getting Motivated: Sources and Theories of Motivation | p. 449 |
| Needs and Wants: The Stick and the Carrot | p. 453 |
| Hunger and Eating: Not Just About Fueling the Body | p. 458 |
| Eating Behavior: The Hungry Mind in the Hungry Body | p. 459 |
| Overeating: When Enough Is Not Enough | p. 462 |
| Dieting | p. 465 |
| Sex: Not Just About Having Babies | p. 466 |
| Sexual Behavior: A Many-Splendored Thing | p. 467 |
| Sexual Stimuli | p. 470 |
| Sexual Orientation: More Than a Choice | p. 472 |
| What's Normal? | p. 474 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 477 |
| Personality: Vive la Difference! | p. 480 |
| Personality: Historical Perspectives | p. 482 |
| Freud's Theory: The Dynamic Personality | p. 482 |
| Humanistic Psychology: Thinking Positively | p. 487 |
| What Exactly Is Personality? | p. 489 |
| Personality: Traits and Situations | p. 489 |
| Factors of Personality: The Big Five? Three? More? | p. 491 |
| Measuring Personality: Is Grumpy Really Grumpy? | p. 493 |
| Biology's Influences on Personality | p. 497 |
| Temperament: Waxing Hot or Cold | p. 497 |
| Biologically Based Theories of Personality | p. 499 |
| Genes and Personality: Born to Be Mild? | p. 504 |
| Learning and the Cognitive Elements of Personality | p. 509 |
| Learning to Have Personality: Genes Are Not Destiny | p. 509 |
| The Sociocognitive View of Personality: You Are What You Expect | p. 510 |
| Sociocultural Influences on Personality | p. 513 |
| Birth Order: Are You Number One? | p. 513 |
| Sex Differences in Personality: Nature and Nurture | p. 515 |
| Culture and Personality | p. 517 |
| Looking at Levels: Attachment | p. 520 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 525 |
| Psychology Over the Life Span: Growing Up, Growing Older, Growing Wiser | p. 528 |
| In the Beginning: From Conception to Birth | p. 530 |
| Prenatal Development: Nature and Nurture From the Start | p. 530 |
| The Newborn: A Work in Progress | p. 537 |
| Infancy and Childhood: Taking Off | p. 541 |
| Physical and Motor Development: Getting Control | p. 541 |
| Perceptual and Cognitive Development: Extended Horizons | p. 543 |
| Social and Emotional Development: The Child in the World | p. 554 |
| Adolescence: Between Two Worlds | p. 562 |
| Physical Development: In Puberty's Wake | p. 562 |
| Cognitive Development: Getting It All Together | p. 564 |
| Social and Emotional Development: New Rules, New Roles | p. 565 |
| Adulthood and Aging: The Continuously Changing Self | p. 568 |
| Becoming an Adult | p. 569 |
| The Changing Body: What's Inevitable, What's Not | p. 569 |
| Perception and Cognition in Adulthood: Taking the Good With the Bad | p. 570 |
| Social and Emotional Development During Adulthood | p. 575 |
| Death and Dying | p. 578 |
| Looking at Levels: Keeping the Aging Brain Sharp | p. 580 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 582 |
| Stress, Health, and Coping | p. 586 |
| What Is Stress? | p. 588 |
| Stress: The Big Picture | p. 588 |
| The Biology of Stress | p. 589 |
| It's How You Think of It: Interpreting Stimuli as Stressors | p. 592 |
| Sources of Stress | p. 595 |
| Stress, Disease, and Health | p. 601 |
| The Immune System: Catching Cold | p. 602 |
| Cancer | p. 603 |
| Heart Disease | p. 603 |
| Health-Impairing Behaviors | p. 605 |
| Strategies for Coping | p. 609 |
| Coping Strategies: Approaches and Tactics | p. 609 |
| Personality and Coping | p. 616 |
| Coping and Social Support | p. 619 |
| Mind-Body Interventions | p. 621 |
| Gender, Culture, and Coping | p. 622 |
| Looking at Levels: Voodoo Death | p. 624 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 626 |
| Psychological Disorders: More Than Everyday Problems | p. 628 |
| Identifying Psychological Disorders: What's Abnormal? | p. 630 |
| Defining Abnormality | p. 630 |
| Explaining Abnormality | p. 632 |
| Categorizing Disorders: Is a Rose Still a Rose by Any Other Name? | p. 635 |
| Mood Disorders | p. 638 |
| Major Depressive Disorder: Not Just Feeling Blue | p. 638 |
| Bipolar Disorder: Going to Extremes | p. 642 |
| Explaining Mood Disorders | p. 643 |
| Anxiety Disorders | p. 648 |
| Panic Disorder | p. 648 |
| Phobias: Social and Specific | p. 651 |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | p. 653 |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | p. 655 |
| Schizophrenia | p. 659 |
| Symptoms: What Schizophrenia Looks Like | p. 660 |
| Subtypes of Schizophrenia | p. 661 |
| Why Does This Happen to Some People, But Not Others? | p. 662 |
| Other Axis I Disorders: Dissociative and Eating Disorders | p. 667 |
| Dissociative Disorders | p. 668 |
| Eating Disorders: You Are How You Eat? | p. 670 |
| Looking at Levels: Binge Eating | p. 674 |
| Personality Disorders | p. 675 |
| Axis II Personality Disorders | p. 676 |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | p. 677 |
| Understanding Antisocial Personality Disorder | p. 678 |
| A Cautionary Note About Diagnosis | p. 680 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 680 |
| Treatment: Healing Actions, Healing Words | p. 684 |
| Historical Influences on Psychotherapy: Insight-Oriented Therapies | p. 686 |
| Psychodynamic Therapy: Origins in Psychoanalysis | p. 686 |
| Humanistic Therapy: Client-Centered Therapy | p. 689 |
| Evaluating Insight-Oriented Therapies | p. 690 |
| Cognitive-Behavior Therapy | p. 692 |
| Behavior Therapy and Its Techniques | p. 692 |
| Cognitive Therapy and Techniques: It's the Thought That Counts | p. 697 |
| Cognitive-Behavior Therapy | p. 700 |
| Biomedical Therapies | p. 702 |
| Psychopharmacology | p. 702 |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy | p. 705 |
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | p. 706 |
| Other Forms of Treatment | p. 707 |
| Modalities: When Two or More Isn't a Crowd | p. 707 |
| Innovations in Psychotherapy | p. 710 |
| Prevention: Sometimes Worth More Than a Pound of Cure | p. 713 |
| Which Therapy Works Best? | p. 715 |
| Issues in Psychotherapy Research | p. 715 |
| How to Pick a Therapist and a Type of Therapy | p. 726 |
| Looking at Levels: Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | p. 727 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 729 |
| Social Psychology: Meeting of the Minds | p. 732 |
| Social Cognition: Thinking About People | p. 734 |
| Making an Impression | p. 734 |
| Attitudes and Behavior: Feeling and Doing | p. 738 |
| Stereotypes: Seen One, Seen 'Em All | p. 746 |
| Attributions: Making Sense of Events | p. 755 |
| Social Behavior: Interacting With People | p. 758 |
| Relationships: Having a Date, Having a Partner | p. 759 |
| Social Organization: Group Rules, Group Roles | p. 764 |
| Yielding to Others: Going Along With the Group | p. 768 |
| Performance in Groups: Working Together | p. 774 |
| Helping Behavior: Helping Others | p. 776 |
| Looking at Levels: Cults | p. 780 |
| A Final Word: Ethics and Social Psychology | p. 781 |
| Review and Remember! | p. 782 |
| References | p. 1 |
| Glossary | p. 1 |
| Name Index | p. 1 |
| Subject Index | p. 1 |
| Credits | p. 1 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
An electronic version of this book is available through VitalSource.
This book is viewable on PC, Mac, iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, and most smartphones.
By purchasing, you will be able to view this book online, as well as download it, for the chosen number of days.
Digital License
You are licensing a digital product for a set duration. Durations are set forth in the product description, with "Lifetime" typically meaning five (5) years of online access and permanent download to a supported device. All licenses are non-transferable.
More details can be found here.
A downloadable version of this book is available through the eCampus Reader or compatible Adobe readers.
Applications are available on iOS, Android, PC, Mac, and Windows Mobile platforms.
Please view the compatibility matrix prior to purchase.