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xvii | |
| Preface |
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xxv | |
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1 | (14) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (5) |
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15 | (104) |
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Our complex cosmos and its future |
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17 | (21) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (5) |
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Cosmic microwave background radiation |
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22 | (2) |
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The origin of large-scale structure |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (4) |
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30 | (5) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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Theories of everything and Hawking's wave function of the universe |
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38 | (13) |
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38 | (1) |
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Different things fall with the same acceleration in a gravitational field |
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38 | (2) |
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The fundamental laws of physics |
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40 | (5) |
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45 | (1) |
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A theory of everything is not a theory of everything |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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49 | (2) |
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The problem of spacetime singularities: implications for quantum gravity? |
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51 | (23) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (3) |
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The importance of singularities |
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54 | (4) |
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58 | (3) |
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Hawking radiation and information loss |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (7) |
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70 | (4) |
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Useful references for further reading |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (31) |
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74 | (6) |
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A first glimpse of the Golden Age: 1964-74 |
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80 | (1) |
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LISA: mapping black holes with gravitational waves |
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81 | (6) |
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The Golden Age again: colliding black holes |
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87 | (2) |
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LIGO/VIRGO/GEO: probing colliding black holes with gravitational waves |
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89 | (3) |
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Quantum behavior of human-sized objects |
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92 | (2) |
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Probing the big bang with gravitational waves |
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94 | (2) |
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Cosmic censorship: betting with Stephen |
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96 | (4) |
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100 | (5) |
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Useful references for further reading |
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103 | (2) |
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Sixty years in a nutshell |
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105 | (14) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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General relativity and cosmology |
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106 | (1) |
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Mach's principle and Wheeler-Feynman electrodynamics |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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Gravity and the expanding universe |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (2) |
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Part 2 Spacetime singularities |
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119 | (84) |
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Cosmological perturbations and singularities |
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121 | (40) |
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121 | (1) |
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Part A: Cosmological perturbations |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (8) |
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Cosmic background radiation |
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130 | (5) |
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135 | (4) |
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Part B: Cosmological singularities |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (10) |
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153 | (8) |
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153 | (8) |
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The quantum physics of chronology protection |
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161 | (16) |
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Why is chronology protection even an issue? |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (2) |
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Elements of chronology protection |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (2) |
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The failure of semiclassical gravity |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (6) |
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173 | (4) |
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Energy dominance and the Hawking--Ellis vacuum conservation theorem |
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177 | (8) |
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177 | (2) |
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The energy dominance condition |
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179 | (2) |
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The vacuum conservation theorem |
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181 | (4) |
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183 | (2) |
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On the instability of extra space dimensions |
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185 | (18) |
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The issue of functional freedom |
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185 | (4) |
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Functional freedom in higher-dimensional theories |
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189 | (6) |
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Classical instability of extra dimensions |
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195 | (3) |
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The holographic conjecture |
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198 | (5) |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (86) |
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Black hole uniqueness and the inner horizon stability problem |
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205 | (12) |
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205 | (1) |
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The traiblazers: Moscow 1964 |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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Descent into the interior |
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209 | (1) |
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Internal evolution problem |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (2) |
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215 | (2) |
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Black holes in the real universe and their prospects as probes of relativistic gravity |
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217 | (19) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Scenarios for black hole formation |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (2) |
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Do the candidate holes obey the Kerr metric? |
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224 | (6) |
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Gravitational radiation as a probe |
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230 | (6) |
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233 | (3) |
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236 | (28) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (3) |
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PBHs as a probe of primordial inhomogeneities |
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240 | (3) |
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PBHs as a probe of cosmological phase transitions |
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243 | (4) |
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PBHs as a probe of a varying gravitational constant |
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247 | (1) |
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PBHs as a probe of gravitational collapse |
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248 | (2) |
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PBHs as a probe of high energy physics |
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250 | (6) |
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256 | (8) |
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259 | (5) |
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264 | (14) |
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264 | (2) |
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Constructing instantons: the C metric |
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266 | (2) |
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Calculation of the action |
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268 | (4) |
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272 | (6) |
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275 | (3) |
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Black holes at accelerators |
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278 | (11) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (2) |
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Black holes on brane worlds |
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281 | (3) |
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Black hole decay and signatures |
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284 | (2) |
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The future of high energy physics |
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286 | (3) |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (60) |
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Black holes and string theory |
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291 | (11) |
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300 | (2) |
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M theory and black hole quantum mechanics |
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302 | (8) |
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302 | (1) |
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`Finding Stephen's mistake' |
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303 | (4) |
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The strong interaction and black holes |
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307 | (3) |
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308 | (2) |
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Playing with black strings |
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310 | (20) |
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310 | (2) |
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Existence of new (vacuum) solutions |
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312 | (4) |
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Properties of the new solutions |
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316 | (3) |
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New charged black strings |
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319 | (5) |
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324 | (3) |
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327 | (3) |
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328 | (2) |
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Twenty years of debate with Stephen |
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330 | (19) |
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Crisis and paradigm shift |
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330 | (1) |
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Stephen's argument for coherence loss |
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331 | (2) |
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333 | (1) |
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The Holographic Principle |
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334 | (1) |
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The ultraviolet/infrared connection |
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335 | (2) |
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Counting black hole microstates |
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337 | (2) |
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339 | (4) |
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Correlations in finite entropy systems |
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343 | (6) |
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345 | (4) |
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349 | (104) |
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Euclidean quantum gravity: the view from 2002 |
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351 | (22) |
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351 | (3) |
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Some historical recollections |
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354 | (3) |
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357 | (8) |
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The AdS/CFT correspondence |
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365 | (1) |
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The volume canonical ensemble |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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Euclides ab omni naevo vindicatus? |
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370 | (3) |
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370 | (3) |
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Zeta functions, anomalies and stable branes |
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373 | (11) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (2) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (3) |
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381 | (3) |
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382 | (2) |
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Some reflections on the status of conventional quantum theory when applied to quantum gravity |
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384 | (25) |
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384 | (2) |
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The danger of a priori assumptions |
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386 | (7) |
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Alternative conceptions of spacetime |
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393 | (3) |
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Presheaves and related notions from topos theory |
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396 | (5) |
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Presheaves of propositions, and valuations in quantum theory |
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401 | (4) |
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405 | (4) |
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406 | (3) |
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Quantum geometry and its ramifications |
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409 | (27) |
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409 | (2) |
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A bird's eye view of loop quantum gravity |
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411 | (9) |
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Applications of quantum geometry |
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420 | (8) |
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428 | (8) |
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431 | (5) |
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Topology change in quantum gravity |
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436 | (17) |
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436 | (1) |
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A top down framework for topology change |
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437 | (2) |
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Morse metrics and elementary topology changes |
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439 | (2) |
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Good and bad topology change |
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441 | (2) |
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Progress on the Borde-Sorkin conjecture |
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443 | (2) |
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445 | (8) |
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449 | (4) |
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Part 6 M theory and beyond |
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453 | (84) |
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The past and future of string theory |
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455 | (8) |
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463 | (10) |
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Motivations for quantum gravity |
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463 | (3) |
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The achievements of string theory |
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466 | (4) |
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The future of string theory |
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470 | (3) |
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A brief description of string theory |
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473 | (11) |
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473 | (1) |
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474 | (3) |
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477 | (4) |
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481 | (1) |
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482 | (2) |
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484 | (10) |
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484 | (1) |
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485 | (3) |
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Backgrounds of reduced holonomy |
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488 | (2) |
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490 | (4) |
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492 | (2) |
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Gauged supergravity and holographic field theory |
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494 | (21) |
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Gauged supergravity and a thesis project |
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494 | (2) |
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The ups and downs of maximal gauged supergravity |
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496 | (2) |
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Exploring higher dimensions |
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498 | (3) |
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Holographic field theory and AdS/CFT correspondence |
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501 | (2) |
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Bulk gravity and brane renormalization: where are the branes? |
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503 | (3) |
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Holographic renormalization group flows: an example |
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506 | (5) |
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511 | (4) |
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512 | (3) |
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57 Varieties in a NUTshell |
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515 | (22) |
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515 | (1) |
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Four-dimensional self-dual metrics |
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516 | (1) |
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Non-compact self-dual 4-metrics |
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517 | (4) |
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Compact self-dual 4-metrics: K3 |
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521 | (3) |
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Special holonomy in higher dimensions |
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524 | (1) |
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Ricci-flat Kahler 6-metrics and the conifold |
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525 | (3) |
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Seven-dimensional metrics of G2 holonomy |
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528 | (4) |
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532 | (1) |
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533 | (4) |
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534 | (3) |
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537 | (76) |
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Adventures in de Sitter space |
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539 | (31) |
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539 | (2) |
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541 | (2) |
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Entropy and temperature of event horizons |
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543 | (2) |
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Entropy bounds from horizons |
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545 | (3) |
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Absolute entropy bounds in spacetimes with Λ > 0 |
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548 | (7) |
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Quantum gravity in de Sitter space |
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555 | (4) |
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Instabilities of the Nariai solution |
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559 | (11) |
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De Sitter space in non-critical string theory |
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570 | (22) |
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570 | (3) |
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De Sitter compactifications of super-critical string theory |
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573 | (7) |
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Metastability of the De Sitter vacuum |
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580 | (12) |
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589 | (3) |
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Supergravity, M theory and cosmology |
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592 | (21) |
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592 | (4) |
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Extended supergravities with dS vacua |
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596 | (3) |
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Hybrid inflation with D-branes |
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599 | (7) |
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M theory on a four-fold with G-fluxes |
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606 | (7) |
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609 | (4) |
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613 | (110) |
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The state of the universe |
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615 | (6) |
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615 | (1) |
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616 | (1) |
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617 | (2) |
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619 | (2) |
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620 | (1) |
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621 | (28) |
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Motivation for a quantum state of the cosmos |
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621 | (1) |
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The Hartle--Hawking proposal for the quantum state |
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622 | (2) |
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Zero-loop quantum cosmology and FRW-scalar models |
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624 | (3) |
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Real classical solutions for the FRW-scalar model |
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627 | (2) |
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Complex classical solutions for the FRW-scalar model |
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629 | (3) |
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FRW-scalar models with an exponential potential |
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632 | (14) |
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646 | (3) |
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647 | (2) |
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Quantum cosmology and eternal inflation |
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649 | (18) |
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649 | (1) |
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650 | (1) |
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The tunnelling wave function |
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651 | (4) |
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Alternative proposals for the wave function |
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655 | (2) |
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Semiclassical probabilities |
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657 | (1) |
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Comparing different wave functions |
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658 | (2) |
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Do we need quantum cosmology? |
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660 | (1) |
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Is quantum cosmology testable? |
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661 | (6) |
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663 | (4) |
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Probability in the deterministic theory known as quantum mechanics |
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667 | (8) |
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667 | (1) |
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668 | (1) |
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Signalling by permutations |
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669 | (2) |
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671 | (1) |
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672 | (1) |
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673 | (2) |
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The interpretation of quantum cosmology and the problem of time |
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675 | (18) |
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675 | (3) |
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678 | (6) |
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The decoherent histories approach to quantum theory |
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684 | (1) |
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The induced inner product |
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685 | (1) |
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686 | (2) |
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Decoherence and the decoherence functional |
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688 | (1) |
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689 | (4) |
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690 | (3) |
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What local supersymmetry can do for quantum cosmology |
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693 | (30) |
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693 | (5) |
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698 | (1) |
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The classical Riemannian boundary-value problem |
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699 | (4) |
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703 | (6) |
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Canonical quantum theory of N=1 supergravity: `traditional variables' |
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709 | (6) |
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Canonical quantization of N=1 supergravity: Ashtekar--Jacobson variables |
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715 | (2) |
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717 | (6) |
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717 | (6) |
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723 | (150) |
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Inflation and cosmological perturbations |
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725 | (30) |
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The origin of inflationary fluctuations |
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725 | (4) |
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The 1982 Nuffield workshop |
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729 | (6) |
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Observational evidence for inflation |
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735 | (5) |
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740 | (3) |
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A new singularity theorem |
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743 | (7) |
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The origin of the universe |
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750 | (5) |
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750 | (5) |
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The future of cosmology: observational and computational prospects |
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755 | (26) |
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755 | (1) |
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756 | (5) |
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Cosmological perturbations and cosmic concordance? |
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761 | (8) |
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Critical observational tests |
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769 | (3) |
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Primordial gravitational waves |
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772 | (1) |
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773 | (3) |
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776 | (5) |
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777 | (4) |
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The ekpyrotic universe and its cyclic extension |
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781 | (20) |
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781 | (2) |
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783 | (1) |
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The ekpyrotic universe model |
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784 | (2) |
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786 | (2) |
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788 | (1) |
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788 | (2) |
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790 | (3) |
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The inter-brane potential |
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793 | (1) |
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793 | (1) |
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794 | (4) |
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798 | (3) |
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798 | (3) |
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Inflationary theory versus the ekpyrotic/cyclic scenario |
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801 | (38) |
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801 | (2) |
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803 | (3) |
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806 | (1) |
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Quantum fluctuations and density perturbations |
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807 | (2) |
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From the Big Bang to eternal inflation |
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809 | (2) |
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Inflation and observations |
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811 | (1) |
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Alternatives to inflation? |
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812 | (2) |
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814 | (5) |
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819 | (11) |
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830 | (9) |
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833 | (6) |
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839 | (21) |
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Why study brane cosmology? |
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|
839 | (2) |
|
|
|
841 | (4) |
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|
|
845 | (1) |
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Moduli fields. Moduli space approximation |
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|
846 | (2) |
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|
|
848 | (3) |
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|
|
851 | (2) |
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|
|
853 | (2) |
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|
|
855 | (5) |
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|
|
856 | (4) |
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Publications of Stephen Hawking |
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|
860 | (13) |
| Index |
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873 | |
Other versions by this Author