The French Legal System

by West, Andrew; Desdevises, Yvon; Fenet, Alain; Gaurier, Dominique; Heussaff, Marie-Clet; Lévy, Bruno

Edition: 2nd

ISBN13: 9780406903235

ISBN10: 0406903239

Format: Paperback

Pub. Date: 2005-02-17

Publisher(s): Oxford University Press

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Summary

The French legal system has become a subject of increasing interest to lawyers from Britain and other countries of the Common Law tradition - particularly since greater integration within the European Union will inevitably make it even more important for British lawyers to have an understanding of French law.

Author Biography

Andrew West is a Lecturer in law at the University of Wales, Swansea, and specialises in Comparative Law Yvon Desdevises is Professor of Procedural Law and Honorary Dean at the Universite de Nantes, and has been a Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies in London Alain Fenet is a Professor of Public law and European law at the Universite d'Evry Val d'Essonne Dominique Gaurier is a Lecturer at the Universite de Nantes, and specialises in Legal History and Comparative law Marie-Clet Heussaff is a Lecturer in Criminology and Criminal law at the Universite de Nantes Bruno Levy is a Lecturer at the Universite de Nantes, specialising in Public law

Preface	p. v
Historical development and classification of laws	p. 1
Historical Development of the French Legal System	p. 1
Roman Gaul to feudal France	p. 1
Roman Gaul	p. 1
From ethnic to local customary law	p. 2
The evolution of royal authority	p. 2
Evolution of the judicial system and legal procedure	p. 4
Sources of pre-revolutionary law (Ancien Droit)	p. 8
Customary law	p. 8
Case law of the Parlements	p. 10
Royal ordinances	p. 11
Roman law	p. 14
Canon law	p. 15
Legal writings (la doctrine)	p. 16
Towards codification	p. 17
Revolutionary and post-revolutionary law	p. 17
Repeal of Ancien Droit	p. 17
Codification of private law	p. 20
Introduction of a written constitution	p. 23
Classification of French Law	p. 24
The distinction between droit public and droit prive	p. 24
Classification of French law	p. 25
Texts and Materials	p. 28
Modern sources of law	p. 41
Introduction	p. 41
Ancien Droit	p. 41
Sources of modern French law	p. 41
Understanding the French approach to the written law	p. 41
Legislation	p. 42
Loi and reglement	p. 42
Hierarchy of texts	p. 43
Parliamentary statutes (lois)	p. 47
Interpretation of legislation	p. 49
Case law (la jurisprudence)	p. 54
Introduction	p. 54
Is case law a source of law?	p. 55
The authority of case law	p. 57
Form and presentation of decisions	p. 59
Law reports	p. 60
Legal writings (la doctrine)	p. 60
Definition and role	p. 60
Form	p. 61
Custom	p. 61
Introduction	p. 61
Continuing importance of custom	p. 61
Texts and Materials	p. 64
The court system, the judiciary and the legal professions	p. 73
The court system	p. 73
General principles	p. 73
Ordinary courts	p. 76
Administrative courts	p. 88
Le Conseil Constitutionnel	p. 94
The judiciary	p. 95
Introduction	p. 95
Recruitment and training	p. 96
Independence	p. 97
Discipline	p. 99
The legal professions	p. 100
Introduction	p. 100
Avocats	p. 100
Avocats aux Conseils	p. 107
Notaires	p. 107
Avoues pres des Cours d'Appel	p. 109
Huissiers de justice	p. 109
Administrateurs et mandataires judiciaires	p. 110
Costs and legal aid	p. 110
Introduction	p. 110
Costs	p. 111
Legal aid	p. 111
Texts and Materials	p. 114
The constitutional framework	p. 135
Introduction	p. 135
The Republic	p. 136
The notion of 'Republique'	p. 136
The continuity of the Republic	p. 136
The Republican programme	p. 137
The institutions of the Republic: separation of powers	p. 141
The defence of the Republic	p. 150
The nation	p. 153
Theoretical basis	p. 153
National sovereignty	p. 153
Amendments to the principle of national sovereignty in the 1958 Constitution	p. 155
l'Etat de droit	p. 158
The hierarchy of norms	p. 158
The Constitution and parliamentary statute	p. 159
International and EU law	p. 163
General principles of law	p. 164
Presidential decisions	p. 166
Ordinances	p. 166
Government regulations; le pouvoir reglementaire	p. 167
The principle of legality	p. 168
Le mediateur	p. 171
Texts and Materials	p. 173
Criminal procedure	p. 215
First principles	p. 215
Characteristics	p. 215
Historical development	p. 216
Burden and means of proof	p. 218
Those involved in the criminal action	p. 224
The police	p. 224
The prosecution; le ministere public	p. 226
La partie civile; prosecution by the victim	p. 231
Prosecution by persons other than the ministere public and partie civile	p. 234
Juge d'instruction	p. 234
The Chambre d'accusation of the Cour d'Appel	p. 235
The jury	p. 236
L'enquete de police	p. 237
Purpose and characteristics	p. 237
L'enquete preliminaire and l'enquete de flagrance	p. 239
Police powers and rights of the suspect during the enquete	p. 240
Termination of l'enquete de police	p. 246
Instruction	p. 246
Purpose and nature of instruction	p. 246
Recourse to instruction	p. 248
Arrest, detention and questioning of the suspect	p. 250
Questioning of witnesses	p. 257
Factual investigations	p. 257
Expert investigations	p. 259
Investigation of the background of the accused (l'enquete de personnalite)	p. 261
Bringing to an end instruction; ordonnances de reglement	p. 262
The Chambre d'accusation of the Cour d'Appel	p. 263
Trial	p. 264
Characteristics	p. 264
Trial procedure	p. 265
Simplified trial procedure in the Tribunal de Police	p. 267
Voies de recours; appeals	p. 268
Introduction	p. 268
Appel	p. 268
Opposition	p. 269
Pourvoi en cassation	p. 269
Pourvoi en revision	p. 270
Texts and Materials	p. 272
Civil and administrative procedure	p. 285
Introductory matters	p. 285
Growth of litigation	p. 285
Roles of the judge and the parties	p. 285
Procedure: secret or public?	p. 287
Procedure: written or oral?	p. 287
Burden and means of proof	p. 288
Role of the ministere public and commissaire du gouvernement	p. 290
Civil procedure in Tribunal de Grande Instance cases	p. 291
Commencement of an action	p. 291
The instruction phase	p. 292
Hearing and judgment	p. 298
Voies de recours (appeals)	p. 301
Voies d'execution: enforcement of judgments	p. 304
Particular procedures	p. 305
Introduction	p. 305
Procedures for simple and urgent matters (les procedures d'urgence)	p. 306
Procedure in respect of consent orders (matiere gracieuse)	p. 308
Procedure before courts of special jurisdiction	p. 309
Arbitration	p. 310
Alternative dispute resolution	p. 311
Administrative court procedure	p. 312
Introduction	p. 312
Different types of administrative proceedings (recours)	p. 312
Non-suspensive effect of administrative proceedings	p. 314
Conditions for proceedings to lie (conditions de recevabilite des recours)	p. 315
Procedure in the administrative courts	p. 317
Texts and Materials	p. 320
Glossary of terms	p. 333
Selected bibliography	p. 349
Index	p. 355
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The French Legal System

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